Heat loads on FTU liquid lithium limiter

23rd IAEA Fusion Energy Conference: summary of sessions EX/C and ICC

“…Red circles are used for lithium and black circles for boron conditioning discharges. Full symbols refer to discharges with well developed a MARFE [56]. .…”

“…At this meeting, lithium coatings to the first wall and lithium coated limiters and divertor plates were used on a number of different machines including a number of different magnetic configurations, including tokamak, spherical tori, stellarator, and reversed field pinch [23,26,[54][55][56][57][58]. The use of lithium has enabled improved confinement, higher density and more reliable operation.…”

“…The use of lithium has enabled improved confinement, higher density and more reliable operation. Results from FTU [56], NSTX [54,55] and TJ-II [58] reported up to ~50% enhancements in energy confinement time. Experiments on NSTX have combined the benefits of lithium wall coatings together with a transition to an enhanced pedestal H-mode resulting in values of H 98(y,2) ~1.7 in figure 17, with roughly comparable improvements being due to the lithium deposition and the transition to the enhanced pedestal H-mode [55,59].…”

“…FTU has obtained peaked density profiles at high density with a liquid lithium limiter as shown in figure 18 and densities 30% beyond the Greenwald density limit at high q. The peaked density profiles are correlated with the presence of a MARFE and a strong density gradient in the edge [56]. LTX is being commissioned to explore the use of liquid lithium wall coatings on a thick conducting segmented wall to improve plasma performance [61].…”

“…Two examples discussed above are the density profile peaking in FTU [56] and the comparison of reversed shear discharges in JET and JT-60U [47]. While for typical conditions on AUG the application of ECH leads to a flattening of the density profile, in lower current experiments the central density increases with the application of electron cyclotron heating to neutral beam heated plasmas and the ion and rotation profiles flatten.…”