Heat Injury During Floral Development in Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata, Fabaceae)

Ahmed, Faisal E.; Hall, Anthony E.; DeMason, Darleen A.

doi:10.2307/2444945

Cited by 74 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…Stress during these periods causes decreased seed set, leading to a lower number of seeds. The temperature-sensitive period before anthesis in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata was from 7 to 9 days before anthesis (Ahmed et al 1992), and in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris it was from 10 to 12 days before anthesis (Gross and Kigel 1994). Similarly, the HT-sensitive period in peanut was~4 days before anthesis (Prasad et al 2001), and in sorghum it was~10 days before anthesis (Prasad et al 2008a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of floret fertility and individual grain weight of wheat to high temperature stress: sensitive stages and thresholds for temperature and duration

Prasad

Djanaguiraman

2014

Functional Plant Biol.

242

208

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Abstract. Short episodes of high temperature (HT) stress during reproductive stages of crop development cause significant yield losses in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Wheat plants of cultivar Chinese Spring were grown at various temperature regimes at several stages of reproductive development for different durations. The objectives of this research were to (i) identify the stage(s) most sensitive to HT stress during reproductive development, and (ii) determine threshold temperature and duration of HT stress that decrease floret fertility and individual grain weight. Two periods (first at 8-6 days before anthesis and second at 2-0 days before anthesis) during reproductive development were most sensitive to short episodes (2 or 5 days) of HT stress, causing maximum decreases in floret fertility. Short episodes (5 days) of mean daily temperatures >24 C imposed at start of heading quadratically decreased floret fertility, with the values reaching close to 0% around mean daily temperature of 35 C; and floret fertility and individual grain weight decreased linearly with increasing duration (in the range from 2 to 30 days) of HT stress when imposed at start of heading or start of grain filling respectively. HT stress caused morphological abnormalities in pollen, stigma and style. The combination of lower floret fertility (leading to decreased grain numbers) and decreased individual grain weights can cause significant decreases in grain yield. Further research to search for genetic variability for these traits and use them in breeding programs to develop tolerant genotypes that can provide yield stability under current and future climates is warranted.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of floret fertility and individual grain weight of wheat to high temperature stress: sensitive stages and thresholds for temperature and duration

Prasad

Djanaguiraman

2014

Functional Plant Biol.

242

208

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“…The latter effect would in turn affect gametophyte development (which development is dependent on the tapetum layers of the anther) and/or anther dehiscence, leading to varying degrees of male sterility through proper pollen sterility, reduced pollen production or reduced anther dehiscence. Meiosis has been recurrently reported as a highly sensitive stage to temperature in many species (Ahmed et al, 1992;Clarke and Siddique, 2004;Erickson and Markhart, 2002;Prasad et al, 2003), although the precise mechanism underlying this sensitivity is still not well known. Premature dissolution of the callose wall that surrounds dividing microspores (late meiosis) and the subsequent poor wall development in the resultant microspores has been interpreted as the main reason for pollen sterility in rice under cold stress (Mamun et al, 2006).…”

Section: Male Development: Pollen Development and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tapetum -the innermost layer of the anther wall-hypertrophy in rice (Nishiyama, 1984) and its earlier degeneration in many other species (Ahmed et al, 1992;Erickson and Markhart, 2002;Porch and Jahn, 2001), which deprives developing pollen grains from essential nutrients and metabolites, is another symptom frequently reported as accompanying pollen sterility under low and high temperature stresses. However, development of the external layers of the anther wall, such as epidermis, endothecium, stomium and septum, has also been shown to be disrupted (Ahmed et al, 1992;Matsui and Omasa, 2002;Porch and Jahn, 2001;Sato et al, 2002), finally affecting anther dehiscence and leading to male sterility even though the pollen is viable. Major alterations in gene expression under high temperature stress have been shown, paralleling tapetum degeneration and pollen sterility, in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) (Abiko et al, 2005) and rice (Endo et al, 2009).…”

Section: Male Development: Pollen Development and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of flowering plant gametophytes to temperature fluctuations

Hedhly

2011

Environmental and Experimental Botany

252

179

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Research on plant responses to temperature stress is receiving increased interest due to the growing awareness about global warming. High and low temperature stresses help establish the narrow geographic distribution of some cultivated plants, the limited geographic extension of some other economically nutritionally important species, and also induce irregular bearing for some species. However, the understanding of plant responses to temperature stress lags behind other biotic and abiotic stresses probably due to the complex response at the molecular, cellular, and organismal level. Temperature stress affects, indeed, many developmental processes during the plant's life cycle. However, the reproductive stage, the outcome of which represents the economic value for many cultivated plants, is especially vulnerable. Here the effect of low and high temperature stresses during the flowering phase is reviewed in flowering plants in an attempt to unravel sensitive stages that are behind irregular cropping. The review presents detailed findings from 33 previously published reports spanning 19 different flowering plant species. Both the male and female organs of the flower are especially sensitive to temperature fluctuations both during their development before pollination and during the post-pollination stage. The effect of temperature stress is, however, obscured by the complex male-female interaction superimposed on the individual behavior of each organ. Interestingly, a review of the literature on this topic shows that genetic variation does exist in reproductive behavior under temperature fluctuations. This genetic diversity must be preserved and characterized in further detail to understand how plants naturally cope with changing environmental conditions, which will, undoubtedly, help us to design better strategies to face current and future challenging temperature fluctuations.

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“…Anthers can be influenced by high temperature. Anther indehiscence occurs in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) due to heat stress (33/30˚C) and is associated with degeneration of tapetal layer (Ahmed et al 1992). The degeneration of tapetum cells was also found in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) at 33/29˚C (Suzuki et al 2001), resulting in premature pollen development within the anther during early development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of high temperature on the reproductive development of chickpea genotypes under controlled environments

Devasirvatham

Gaur

Mallikarjuna

et al. 2012

Functional Plant Biol.

164

126

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High temperature during the reproductive stage in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a major cause of yield loss. The objective of this research was to determine if that variation can be explained by differences in anther and pollen development under heat stress. Therefore the effect of high temperature during the pre-and postanthesis periods on pollen viability, pollen germination in a medium, pollen germination on the stigma, pollen tube growth and pod set in a heat tolerant (ICCV 2 92944) and a heat sensitive (ICC 5912) genotype was studied. The plants were evaluated under heat stress and non-heat stress conditions in controlled environments. High temperature stress (29/16˚C to 40/25˚C) was gradually applied at flowering to study pollen viability and stigma receptivity including flower production, pod set and seed number. This was compared with a non-stress treatment (27/16˚C). The high temperatures reduced pod set by reducing pollen viability and pollen production per flower. The ICCV 92944 pollen was viable at 35/20˚C (41% fertile) and at 40/25˚C (13% fertile), while ICC 5912 pollen was completely sterile at 35/20˚C with no in vitro germination and no germination on the stigma. However, the stigma of ICC 5912 remained receptive at 35/20˚C and non-stressed pollen (27/16˚C) germinated on it during reciprocal crossing. These data indicate that pollen grains were more sensitive to high temperature than the stigma in chickpea. High temperature also reduced pollen production per flower, % pollen germination, pod set and seed number.

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Heat Injury During Floral Development in Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata, Fabaceae)

Cited by 74 publications

References 0 publications

Response of floret fertility and individual grain weight of wheat to high temperature stress: sensitive stages and thresholds for temperature and duration

Response of floret fertility and individual grain weight of wheat to high temperature stress: sensitive stages and thresholds for temperature and duration

Sensitivity of flowering plant gametophytes to temperature fluctuations

Effect of high temperature on the reproductive development of chickpea genotypes under controlled environments

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