Heat and water exchange in the respiratory tract

Walker, James; Wells, Roe E.

doi:10.1016/0002-9343(61)90097-3

Cited by 201 publications

(166 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In a previous study, the value of respiratory heat loss was found to be 10% of the total [20], and in the present investigation, the same value was used for calculations in each ambient condition. As is well kown, the respiratory water loss is greatly influenced by the humidity of inspired air [4,18,27], direct measurement of respiratory heat exchanges should be performed in each ambient condition, in order to be able to calculate cutaneous conductance more precisely.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Relative Humidity on Thermal Balance of the Newborn Infant

Sulyok¹,

Jéquier²,

Ryser³

1972

Neonatology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Relative Humidity on Thermal Balance of the Newborn Infant

Sulyok¹,

Jéquier²,

Ryser³

1972

Neonatology

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“…During exhalation the air leaving the lungs at body temperature and saturated with water vapour gives off heat at the mucosal lining of the nasal passages which has been cooled upon inhalation, and water is subsequently condensed (Walker, Wells & Merril, 1961;Jackson & Schmidt-Nielsen, 1964).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspects of nasal heat exchange in resting reindeer.

Blix¹,

Johnsen²

1983

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. Total respiratory heat loss (t.r.h.l.) in resting reindeer has been calculated from exhaled air temperature (Te) and respiratory minute volume (T) obtained during heat and cold stress in both summer and winter.2. Exhaled air temperature decreased with decreasing ambient temperature (Ta)in both summer and winter. The lowest T; recorded was +6 0C at a Ta of -45 0C in winter and the highest + 38 0C at a T. of + 29 0C in summer. At any T., Te was higher in winter than in summer. v was constant with increasing Ta up to + 25 0C and -10 0C in summer and winter, respectively. Further increase in Ta resulted in thermal tachypnea. During summer t.r.h.l. did not change significantly in the ambient temperature range from -25 to + 25 0C. In winter, however, t.r.h.l. increased linearly with increasing ambient temperature from -30 to + 15 'C. Minimum t.r.h.l. was found to coincide with the animals' lower critical temperature. 3. We suggest that the heat exchange in the upper respiratory tract of resting reindeer is actively regulated to attain fine tuning of thermal balance in this high arctic mammal undergoing great seasonal changes in fur insulation.

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“…During normal respiration, a counter-current mechanism for respiratory heat transfer operates [6]. As air is inspired, it is heated and humidified, resulting in cooling and drying of the airway mucosa.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory heat and moisture loss is associated with eosinophilic inflammation in asthma

Noble¹,

McCafferty²,

Greening³

et al. 2007

European Respiratory Journal

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Increased mucosal vascularity is a hallmark of airway inflammation in asthma. It was hypothesised that this would lead to a detectable increase in respiratory heat and moisture loss (RHML), which would reflect the degree of airway inflammation present.A total of 23 subjects with asthma and 18 healthy controls had RHML measured in a crosssectional study. The measurements were made using a device that combines temperature and humidity measurement during inspiration and expiration and allows precise control over inspirate conditions and ventilatory pattern. The subjects with asthma underwent parallel measurements of exhaled nitric oxide, sputum eosinophil percentage and exhaled breath condensate pH.Mean¡SD RHML was elevated in patients with asthma ( This novel correlation between thermal and cellular measurements in asthma suggests that both of these noninvasive indices are sensitive to the degree of underlying chronic airway inflammation.

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Heat and water exchange in the respiratory tract

Cited by 201 publications

References 15 publications

Effect of Relative Humidity on Thermal Balance of the Newborn Infant

Effect of Relative Humidity on Thermal Balance of the Newborn Infant

Aspects of nasal heat exchange in resting reindeer.

Respiratory heat and moisture loss is associated with eosinophilic inflammation in asthma

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