Heat and smoke affect the germination of flammable resprouters: Vellozia species in the Cerrado

Zirondi, Heloiza L.; José, Henrique; Daibes, L. Felipe; Fidelis, Alessandra

doi:10.1007/s12224-019-09337-4

Cited by 5 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Seeds from 41 coexisting open-savanna species, including different growth forms (grasses, forbs, and shrubs), were used in this study (Table 1). Germination data for 26 of the 41 species are original to this study (Appendix S1); for the remaining species, we compiled data from Daibes et al (2019); Zirondi, José et al, 2019 andZirondi, Silveira et al (2019), which used the same treatments (see Methods below) with species collected in the same area (Table 1) to the experiments; experiments were usually set up one to two months after seeds were harvested.…”

Section: Study Area and Seed Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(a) resprouting ability after experimental fires, accounting for bud location; and (b) propagule stimulation and/or tolerance to heat shocks by evaluating seed germination and viability after laboratory trials. Since fire regime is expected to shape post-fire regeneration strategies (Bond & Midgley, 2003;Keeley et al, 2012), we expect resprouting to be the main regeneration strategy in the Cerrado (Bond & Midgley, 2001;Clarke et al, 2015;Pilon et al, 2020) Zirondi, José et al, 2019). We also expect propagules to be tolerant to fire-related temperatures (Daibes et al, 2019), remaining ungerminated (yet viable) until the onset of the rainy season (Escobar et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Fire-related seeding is often associated with synchronizing germination to a single point in time, where germination may be triggered by different fire cues, such as heat shocks (Auld & Denham, 2006;Reyes & Trabaud, 2009;Moreira et al, 2010;Moreira & Pausas, 2012), temperature fluctuations (Santana et al, 2010;Musso et al, 2015;Daibes et al, 2017;Dairel & Fidelis, 2020), and smoke (Keeley & Fotheringham, 2000;Keeley & Pausas, 2018;Zirondi, José, et al, 2019). Heat shocks caused by fire have been reported to stimulate germination in several species of fire-prone ecosystems, such as those in Australia and in the Mediterranean region, mainly in hard-seeded species in which high temperatures may break physical dormancy, thus enabling germination (Auld & O'Connell, 1991;Williams et al, 2003;Reyes & Trabaud, 2009;Moreira et al, 2010;Moreira & Pausas, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Heat shocks caused by fire have been reported to stimulate germination in several species of fire-prone ecosystems, such as those in Australia and in the Mediterranean region, mainly in hard-seeded species in which high temperatures may break physical dormancy, thus enabling germination (Auld & O'Connell, 1991;Williams et al, 2003;Reyes & Trabaud, 2009;Moreira et al, 2010;Moreira & Pausas, 2012). Nonetheless, heat shocks have shown little to no effect among species of South America, although most seeds were able to survive the exposure to high temperatures, which is considered a tolerance trait in face of fires (Jaureguiberry & Diaz, 2015;Le Stradic et al, 2015;Ribeiro et al, 2015;Fichino et al, 2016;Fidelis et al, 2016;Zupo et al, 2016;Gómez-González et al, 2017;Daibes et al, 2019;Zirondi, José, et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After fires, many woody and herbaceous species resprout from dormant buds (Coutinho, 1990;Medeiros & Miranda, 2008;Pausas et al, 2018;Pilon et al, 2020), but the role of post-fire seed germination as a regeneration mechanism in Cerrado remains unclear. Even though post-fire seed germination has been observed in grasslands and savannas that undergo surface fires (Overbeck & Pfadenhauer, 2007;Clarke et al, 2015;Ramos et al, 2019;Pilon et al, 2020), studies evaluating seed responses after heat shocks in the Cerrado have done so with few species (Ribeiro et al, 2013;Le Stradic et al, 2015;Fichino et al, 2016) or are restricted to certain clades (Ramos et al, 2016;Daibes et al, 2019;Zirondi, José, et al, 2019;Dairel & Fidelis, 2020), hindering the understanding of general postfire regeneration mechanisms at the community scale. Moreover, few studies addressing fire-related seed responses in the Cerrado have taken into account plant resprouting ability following experimental fires (but see Pilon et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Post‐fire regeneration strategies in a frequently burned Cerrado community

Zupo

Daibes

Pausas

et al. 2020

J Vegetation Science

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Aim: Fire is a natural disturbance in many ecosystems throughout the world where plant populations can persist by the resprouting of individuals and/or by recruiting from seeds. We evaluated the post-fire regeneration response for 41 coexisting species, including grasses, forbs, and shrubs, from an open Cerrado community (campo sujo) in Central Brazil. Location: The study was conducted at the Reserva Natural Serra do Tombador (RNST) in Central Brazil. The vegetation of the study area is characterized by a continuous herbaceous layer dominated by grasses and scattered shrubs, which produces fine fuel loads that can burn frequently. Methods: We examined both resprouting ability after experimental fires, accounting for bud location, and seed response to heat shocks caused by fire, where seeds were subjected to heat shocks of 100°C for one and three minutes, 200°C for one minute, and a control (untreated seeds). Results: All species were able to resprout (R+) after fire, mainly from buds located in underground structures, but also from aerial and basal buds. Seeds of most species tolerated heat shocks of 100°C for one and three minutes, but heat treatments of 200°C decreased seed viability of nearly 50% of species. Seven species, all of which had dormant seeds, showed heat-stimulated germination. In sum, 81% of the community was classified as R+PT (resprouters with heat-tolerant propagules) and 17% was R+PS (resprouters with heat-stimulated propagules). The remaining 2% (one species) was classified as R+P−, showing heat-sensitive seeds. Conclusions: Resprouting is the main post-fire regeneration strategy in Cerrado open savannas, while fire-stimulated germination, although possible, is less common in comparison to the frequency in other fire-prone ecosystems. However, in Cerrado open savannas, heat tolerance is an important trait that enables germination when favorable conditions arise.

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Section: Study Area and Seed Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Post‐fire regeneration strategies in a frequently burned Cerrado community

Zupo

Daibes

Pausas

et al. 2020

J Vegetation Science

Self Cite

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Smoke and heat accelerate and increase germination in fire‐prone temperate grassy ecosystems

et al. 2021

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Fire increases seedling recruitment by reducing competition for space and resources. As such, many species in fire-prone ecosystems germinate in response to fire cues such as smoke and heat. A notable exception is fire-prone temperate grassy ecosystems, where >20 yr of research has found that fire-cued germination is rare. We tested the hypothesis that fire cues promote germination in temperate grassy ecosystems of south-eastern Australia. We treated seeds of 55 common species with smoke, heat, and a combination of smoke and heat and tracked germination over time. We analyzed the effect of all combinations of treatments on germination speed and percent germination. Interestingly, we found that smoke and heat combined-which is more ecologically relevant to an actual fire than smoke and heat alone-was needed to increase germination speed, a mostly unstudied component of the germination ecology of grassy ecosystems. Smoke alone increased percent germination. Both plant family and seed traits influenced the germination response to smoke and heat. Poaceae species were the most responsive (in both speed and percent germination) to smoke alone. Water permeability of the seed coat was a key determinant of whether species responded to heat alone, smoke alone, or combined smoke and heat. Species with water-impermeable seed coats responded to heat alone for both speed and percent germination. Species with water-permeable seed coats germinated faster in response to combined smoke and heat and percent germination was increased by smoke alone. In contrast with more than two decades of research-our study of this large and representative group of species demonstrates that fire (via smoke and heat) is an important germination cue in fire-prone temperate grassy ecosystems of south-eastern Australia.

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