Heat and mass transfer effects in the nozzle of a fuel injector from the start of needle lift to after the end of injection in the presence of fuel dribble and air entrainment

Aleiferis, P.G.; Papadopoulos, N.

doi:10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2020.120576

Cited by 12 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…The 𝑘 − 𝜀 turbulence model due to its suitable accuracy and low computational cost has been a popular model for simulating reacting flows (which are inherently expensive). This model has been used in numerous reacting flow simulations in various geometries and has produced reliable results, some of which can be observed in references (Giuffrida et al 2020, Berni et al 2021, Verma et al 2021, Aleiferis et al 2021, Bordoloi et al 2021and Ong et al 2021. In this model, the Reynolds stresses can be related to turbulent viscosity as follows:…”

Section: Governing Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Investigation of Effects of Side-Injection Geometry on Thrust-Vectoring Performance in a Fuel-Injected Dual Throat Nozzle

2022

JAFM

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Dual-throat Nozzle (DTN) is known as one of the most effective approaches of fluidic thrust-vectoring. It is gradually flourishing into a promising technology to implement supersonic and hypersonic thrust-vector control in aircrafts. The main objective of the present study is numerical investigation of the effects of secondary injection geometry on the performance of a fuel-injected planar dual throat thrust-vectoring nozzle. The main contributions of the study is to consider slot and circular geometries as injector cross-sections for injecting four different fuels; moreover, the impact of center-to-center distance of injection holes for circular injector is examined. Three-dimensional compressible reacting simulations have been conducted in order to resolve the flowfield in a dual throat nozzle with pressure ratio of 4.0. Favre-averaged momentum, energy and species equations are solved along with the standard k − ε model for the turbulence closure, and the eddy dissipation model (EDM) for the combustion modelling. Second-order upwind numerical scheme is employed to discretize and solve governing equations. Different assessment parameters such as discharge coefficient, thrust ratio, thrust-vector angle and thrust-vectoring efficiency are invoked to analyze the nozzle performance. Computationally predicted data are agreed well with experimental measurements of previous studies. Results reveal that a maximum vector angle of 17.1 degrees is achieved via slot injection of methane fuel at a secondary injection rate equal to 9% of primary flow rate. Slot injection is performing better in terms of discharge coefficient, thrust-vector angle and thrust-vectoring efficiency, whereas circular injection provides higher thrust ratio. At 2% secondary injection for methane fuel, vector angle and vectoring efficiency obtained by slot injector is 8% and 34% higher than the circular injector, respectively. Findings suggest that light fuels offer higher thrust ratio, vector angle and vectoring efficiency, while heavy fuels have better discharge coefficient. Increasing center-to-center distance of injector holes improves thrust ratio, while having a negative effect on discharge coefficient, vector angle and vectoring efficiency. A comparison between fuel injectant of current study and inert injectant in the previous studies indicates that fuel reaction could exhibit substantial positive effects on vectoring performance. Secondary-to-primary momentum flux ratio is found to play a crucial role in nozzle performance.

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Section: Governing Equationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Investigation of Effects of Side-Injection Geometry on Thrust-Vectoring Performance in a Fuel-Injected Dual Throat Nozzle

2022

JAFM

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“…As a result, faster propagation and better atomization can be achieved, despite higher fuel concentration at the beginning of the injection. Note that the increased injection pressure can allow the entrainment of the air from the surrounding gas to completely develop, enabling droplets to interact with ambient gas [54,107,[110][111][112].…”

Section: Factors Affecting Spray Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diesel Spray: Development of Spray in Diesel Engine

Djamari

Idris²,

Paristiawan³

et al. 2022

Sustainability

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Research and development in the internal combustion engine (ICE) has been growing progressively. Issues such as air pollution, fuel cost, and market competitiveness have driven the automotive industry to develop and manufacture automobiles that meet new regulation and customers’ needs. The diesel engine has some advantages over the gasoline or spark ignition engine, including higher engine efficiency, greater power output, as well as reliability. Since the early stage of the diesel engine’s development phase, the quest to obtain better atomization, proper fuel supply, and accurate timing control, have triggered numerous innovations. In the last two decades, owing to the development of optical technology, the visualization of spray atomization has been made possible using visual diagnostics techniques. This advancement has greatly improved research in spray evolution. Yet, a more comprehensive understanding related to these aspects has not yet been agreed upon. Diesel spray, in particular, is considered a complicated phenomenon to observe because of its high-speed, high pressure, as well as its high temperature working condition. Nevertheless, several mechanisms have been successfully explained using fundamental studies, providing several suggestions in the area, such as liquid atomization and two-phase spray flow. There are still many aspects that have not yet been agreed upon. This paper comprehensively reviews the current status of theoretical diesel spray and modelling, including some important numerical and experimental aspects.

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Eulerian–Lagrangian modeling of spray G atomization with focus on vortex evolution and its interaction with cavitation

Liu

Tang

et al. 2022

Applied Mathematical Modelling

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Heat and mass transfer effects in the nozzle of a fuel injector from the start of needle lift to after the end of injection in the presence of fuel dribble and air entrainment

Cited by 12 publications

References 85 publications

Computational Investigation of Effects of Side-Injection Geometry on Thrust-Vectoring Performance in a Fuel-Injected Dual Throat Nozzle

Computational Investigation of Effects of Side-Injection Geometry on Thrust-Vectoring Performance in a Fuel-Injected Dual Throat Nozzle

Diesel Spray: Development of Spray in Diesel Engine

Eulerian–Lagrangian modeling of spray G atomization with focus on vortex evolution and its interaction with cavitation

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