Heart Sound Sensing Through MEMS Microphone

Anumukonda, Madhubabu; Chowdhury, Shubhajit Roy

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-47319-2_7

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The characteristic frequency of a system is mainly related to the mass m and elastic coefficient k of the cilium. The calculation formula of the characteristic frequency is shown in (5):…”

Section: Parameters Dimensions Parameters Dimensionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the constant improvement and development of science, the stethoscope has become electronic, intelligent, and portable. The cardiac sound sensor, based on the high-density microphone, was developed by A. Mashubabu et al in 2016 [ 5 ]. In 2017, a piezoelectric PVDF-membrane heart acoustic sensor was fabricated by S. Afattah et al An innovative interferometric cardiac sound sensor was invented by R. Martinek et al in 2018 by utilizing optical fiber [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design and Realization of MEMS Heart Sound Sensor with Concave, Racket-Shaped Cilium

et al. 2022

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The biomedical acoustic signal plays an important role in clinical non-invasive diagnosis. In view of the deficiencies in early diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases, acoustic properties of S1 and S2 heart sounds are utilized. In this paper, we propose an integrated concave cilium MEMS heart sound sensor. The concave structure enlarges the area for receiving sound waves to improve the low-frequency sensitivity, and realizes the low-frequency and high-sensitivity characteristics of an MEMS heart sound sensor by adopting a reasonable acoustic package design, reducing the loss of heart sound distortion and faint heart murmurs, and improving the auscultation effect. Finally, experimental results show that the integrated concave ciliated MEMS heart sound sensor’s sensitivity reaches −180.6 dB@500 Hz, as compared with the traditional bionic ciliated MEMS heart sound sensor; the sensitivity is 8.9 dB higher. The sensor has a signal-to-noise ratio of 27.05 dB, and has good heart sound detection ability, improving the accuracy of clinical detection methods.

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“…The characteristic frequency of a system is mainly related to the mass m and elastic coefficient k of the cilium. The calculation formula of the characteristic frequency is shown in (5):…”

Section: Parameters Dimensions Parameters Dimensionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Realization of MEMS Heart Sound Sensor with Concave, Racket-Shaped Cilium

et al. 2022

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“…The method captures the heart sounds produced by the opening and closing of the heart valves and blood flow [65]. The simplest method of capturing heart sounds is in the use of a microphone placed on the surface of the body [66]. Other meth-ods use, for example, a piezoelectric crystal placed on the head of a metal shaft which contacts a membrane [67], principle of induction [68], or non-invasive fibre-optics [69].…”

Section: Acquisition Of Cardiac Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternative measurement systems for recording cardiac activity in animals: a pilot study

et al. 2022

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Monitoring and assessing cardiac activity in animals, especially heart rate variability, has been gaining importance in the last few years as an indicator of animal health, well-being and physical condition. This pilot study tested the sensors based on ballistocardiography sensing the mechanical vibrations caused by the animal’s cardiovascular system, which have proved useful in measuring cardiac activity in humans. To verify the accuracy of these measurement systems, the conventional measurements based on electrocardiography were carried out and the outcomes were compared. The main objectives were to verify the suitability of these sensors in measuring cardiac activity in animals, to determine the advantages and disadvantages of these sensors, and to identify future challenges. Measurements were performed on various animals, specifically a goat, a cow, a horse, and a sheep. Electrocardiographic measurement, which has demonstrated high accuracy in procedures for animals, was used as the study’s gold standard. A disadvantage of this method, however, is the long time required to prepare animals and shear spots to attach electrodes. The accuracy of a ballistocardiographic sensor was compared to reference electrocardiographic signals based on Bland–Altman plots which analysed the current heart rate values. Unfortunately, the ballistocardiographic sensor was highly prone to poor adhesion to the animal’s body, sensor movement when the animal was restless, and motion artefacts. Ballistocardiographic sensors were shown only to be effective with larger animals, i.e., the horse and the cow, the size of these animals allowing sufficient contact of the sensor with the animal’s body. However, this method’s most significant advantage over the conventional method based on electrocardiography is lower preparation time, since there is no need for precise and time-demanding fixation of the sensor itself and the necessity of shaving the animal’s body.

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“…Liu et al described an epidermal mechano-acoustic sensor based on soft electronics in 2016 [7]. Jain et al focused on extracting heart sounds from SCG signals, thus demonstrating the possibility of using accelerometers as heart-sound sensors in 2016 [8].Anumukonda, M. et al put forward a high-density microphone-based heart-sound sensor in 2016 [9]. Afattah et al invented a cardiac acoustic sensor utilizing a piezoelectric PVDF thin film in 2017 [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Fabrication of an Integrated Hollow Concave Cilium MEMS Cardiac Sound Sensor

et al. 2022

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In light of a need for low-frequency, high sensitivity and broadband cardiac murmur signal detection, the present work puts forward an integrated MEMS-based heart sound sensor with a hollow concave ciliary micro-structure. The advantages of a hollow MEMS structure, in contrast to planar ciliated micro-structures, are that it reduces the ciliated mass and enhances the operating bandwidth. Meanwhile, the area of acoustic-wave reception is enlarged by the concave architecture, thereby enhancing the sensitivity at low frequencies. By rationally designing the acoustic encapsulation, the loss of heart acoustic distortion and weak cardiac murmurs is reduced. As demonstrated by experimentation, the proposed hollow MEMS structure cardiac sound sensor has a sensitivity of up to −206.9 dB at 200 Hz, showing 6.5 dB and 170 Hz increases in the sensitivity and operating bandwidth, respectively, in contrast to the planar ciliated MEMS sensor. The SNR of the sensor is 26.471 dB, showing good detectability for cardiac sounds.

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Heart Sound Sensing Through MEMS Microphone

Cited by 7 publications

References 6 publications

Design and Realization of MEMS Heart Sound Sensor with Concave, Racket-Shaped Cilium

Design and Realization of MEMS Heart Sound Sensor with Concave, Racket-Shaped Cilium

Alternative measurement systems for recording cardiac activity in animals: a pilot study

Design and Fabrication of an Integrated Hollow Concave Cilium MEMS Cardiac Sound Sensor

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