Heart Rate Variability in Sport Performance: Do Time of Day and Chronotype Play A Role?

Vitale, Jacopo Antonino; Bonato, Matteo; Torre, Antonio La; Banfi, Giuseppe

doi:10.3390/jcm8050723

Cited by 48 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 94 publications

(128 reference statements)

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“…The LF/HF band ratio reflects the overall balance of the ANS. A higher LF/HF band ratio indicates that the sympathetic nervous system is relatively activated or the parasympathetic nervous system activity is suppressed [21]. In the present study, the HTG showed more significant improvements in most HRV parameters (e.g., SDNN, RMSSD, HF band, and LF/HF band ratio) than did the NTG; this positive HRV adaptation may have influenced the enhancement of exercise performance.…”

Section: Ans Functionsupporting

confidence: 40%

“…Heart rate (HR) variability (HRV) is a widely used marker reflecting cardiac modulation by sympathetic and vagal components and autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity. Dynamic adjustments in cardiac and peripheral vascular control, including their regulation by the ANS, occur in response to rapid changes in the HR [20,21]. Change in HRV with exercise training have often been interpreted as increase in vagal activity or ANS balance function, which is related to athletic performance [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dynamic adjustments in cardiac and peripheral vascular control, including their regulation by the ANS, occur in response to rapid changes in the HR [20,21]. Change in HRV with exercise training have often been interpreted as increase in vagal activity or ANS balance function, which is related to athletic performance [21]. Herzig et al [22] reported that HRV markers of vagal activity are moderately associated with athletic performance variables, such as 10-mi race time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Interval Hypoxic Training Enhances Athletic Performance and Does Not Adversely Affect Immune Function in Middle- and Long-Distance Runners

Jung

Kim

Park

2020

IJERPH

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This study evaluated the effects of intermittent interval training in hypoxic conditions for six weeks compared with normoxic conditions, on hemodynamic function, autonomic nervous system (ANS) function, immune function, and athletic performance in middle- and long-distance runners. Twenty athletes were divided into normoxic training (normoxic training group (NTG); n = 10; residing and training at sea level) and hypoxic training (hypoxic training group (HTG); n = 10; residing at sea level but training in 526-mmHg hypobaric hypoxia) groups. All dependent variables were measured before, and after, training. The training frequency was 90 min, 3 d per week for six weeks. Body composition showed no significant difference between the two groups. However, the HTG showed more significantly improved athletic performance (e.g., maximal oxygen uptake). The hemodynamic function (e.g., oxygen uptake, oxygen pulse, and cardiac output) during submaximal exercise and ANS function (e.g., standard deviation and root mean square of successive differences, high frequency, and low/high frequency) improved more in the HTG. Immune function parameters were stable within the normal range before and after training in both groups. Therefore, hypoxic training was more effective in enhancing athletic performance, and improving hemodynamic and ANS function; further, it did not adversely affect immune function in competitive runners.

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Section: Ans Functionsupporting

confidence: 40%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Interval Hypoxic Training Enhances Athletic Performance and Does Not Adversely Affect Immune Function in Middle- and Long-Distance Runners

Jung

Kim

Park

2020

IJERPH

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“…Aerobic training such as walking and cycling are the predominant modes of PA among active groups with voluntary membership in Saudi Arabia. However, key variables for improving HRV such as intensity and duration of these free-living activities are rarely well-supervised [12]. A six-month randomized active-controlled trial showed that structured PA can improve HRV to a greater extent than unstructured PA in adolescents [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Type and Volume of Recreational Physical Activity on Heart Rate Variability in Men

Alkahtani

Flatt

Kanas

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of recreational aerobic physical activity (PA) type and volume on heart rate variability (HRV) in Arab men. This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study, and included men (n = 75, age = 37.6 ± 7.1 years, body mass index (BMI) = 26.7 ± 3.1 kg/m 2 ) who were members of a walking group, cycling group, or were inactive controls. Monthly distances from the past three months were obtained from walking and cycling groups, and the volume of PA was classified into three subgroups (high, moderate, low). HRV was measured using a computerized electrocardiographic data acquisition device. R-R interval recordings were performed while participants rested in a motionless supine position. RR intervals were recorded for 15 minutes, and a five-minute segment with minimal ectopic beats and artifacts was selected for HRV analysis. Time-domain parameters included the mean R-R interval, standard deviation of the mean R-R interval (SDNN), and root-mean-squared difference of successive RR intervals (RMSSD). The frequency-domain parameters included high-frequency power (HF), low-frequency power (LF), and LF to HF ratio (LF/HF). Results showed that there were no significant differences between walking, cycling, and control groups for all HRV parameters. Time-domain analyses based on PA volume showed that age-adjusted SDNN for the high-active group was greater than the low-active group (P = 0.03), and RMSSD for the moderate-active group was greater than the control group (P = 0.009). For the frequency domain, LF for the high-active group was greater than the low-active and control groups (P = 0.006), and HF for the moderate-active group was greater than the low-active group (P = 0.04). These data indicate that walking >150 km per month, or cycling >100 km per month at a speed >20 km/h may be necessary to derive cardiac autonomic benefits from PA among Arab men.

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“…Adaptations to exercise training require an appropriate training stimulus accompanied by su cient recovery (1). One factor associated with exercise training and recovery is the balance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous branches of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) (2). Accordingly, an imbalance in ANS between the training stimuli and recovery can may lead to ANS dysregulation and negatively impact exercise performance (1,3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of varying doses of caffeine on cardiac parasympathetic reactivation following an acute bout of anaerobic exercise in recreational athletes

Sarshin

Naderi

Cruz

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: To examine the effects of varying doses of caffeine on autonomic reactivation following anaerobic exercise. Methods: Recreationally active males (N=20; 24±2y) participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study where participants ingested: (1) Control (CON; no supplement), (2) a non-caffeinated placebo (PLA), (3) 3-mg∙kg-1 of caffeine (CAF3) or (4) 6-mg∙kg-1 of caffeine (CAF6) prior to Wingate testing. Parasympathetic (lnRMSSD, primary outcome) and global HRV (lnSDNN, secondary outcome) were assessed at rest (i.e., pre-ingestion), 45-min post-ingestion, and 5-min and 35-min post-exercise recovery. We used a GLM to assess mean (95% CI) changes from pre-ingestion baseline.Results: Overall, we observed a significant trend for lnRMSSD and lnSDNN (both, p=0.001, ηp2=0.745). Forty-five minutes after treatment ingestion, we observed a significant increase in lnRMSSD for CAF3 (0.15ms, 95%CI, 0.07,0.24) and CAF6 (0.16ms, 95%CI, 0.06,0.25), both being significant (both, p<0.004) vs. CON (-0.02ms, 95%CI, -0.09,0.04). Five-minutes after exercise, all treatments demonstrated significant declines in lnRMSSD vs. baseline (all, p<0.001). After 35-min of recovery, lnRMSSD returned to a levels not significantly different than baseline for CAF3 (0.03ms, 95%CI, -0.05, 0.12) and CAF6 (-0.03ms, 95%CI, -0.17, 0.10), while PLA (-0.16ms, 95%CI, -0.25, -0.06) and CON (-0.17ms, 95%CI, -0.28, -0.07) treatments remained significantly depressed. A similar pattern was also observed for SDNN.Conclusion: Caffeine ingestion increases resting cardiac autonomic modulation and accelerates post-exercise autonomic recovery after a bout of an anaerobic exercise test in recreationally active young men. However, no differences between caffeine doses on cardiac autonomic reactivity were observed.

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Heart Rate Variability in Sport Performance: Do Time of Day and Chronotype Play A Role?

Cited by 48 publications

References 94 publications

Interval Hypoxic Training Enhances Athletic Performance and Does Not Adversely Affect Immune Function in Middle- and Long-Distance Runners

Interval Hypoxic Training Enhances Athletic Performance and Does Not Adversely Affect Immune Function in Middle- and Long-Distance Runners

Role of Type and Volume of Recreational Physical Activity on Heart Rate Variability in Men

The effects of varying doses of caffeine on cardiac parasympathetic reactivation following an acute bout of anaerobic exercise in recreational athletes

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