Heart Rate Variability in Normotensive Healthy Children With Aging

Kazuma, Norio; Otsuka, Kuniaki; Wakamatsu, Kentaro; Shirase, Erina; Matsuoka, Ikumi

doi:10.1081/ceh-100108718

Cited by 32 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…CVA was reported to increase during early ontogeny, to reach peak value at adolescence, and then to decline with advancing age. 33,34 Our present data confirm these earlier findings. Although baroreceptor afferents provide the main facilitatory input to cardiac vagal motoneurons, activation is received from other sources as well.…”

Section: Lenard Et Al Maturation Of Cardiovagal Autonomic Functionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Maturation of Cardiovagal Autonomic Function From Childhood to Young Adult Age

et al. 2004

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Background-Cardiovagal autonomic control declines with age in adult subjects, which is related in part to increasing stiffness of the barosensory vessel wall. It is not known, however, whether autonomic function changes with age in children. Methods and Results-We studied 137 healthy subjects divided into 4 age groups: group 1, 7 to 14 years; group 2, 11 to 14 years; group 3, 15 to 18 years; and group 4, 19 to 22 years. Brachial artery pressure was measured by sphygmomanometry and continuous radial artery pressure and carotid artery pulse pressure (⌬P) by applanation tonometry. The R-R interval was derived from the ECG. Autonomic function was assessed by spontaneous sequence and frequency-domain indices, which indicate the extent of coupling between fluctuations in heart rate and systolic pressure. Carotid artery diastolic diameter (DD) and pulsatile distension (⌬D) were measured by echo wall tracking; carotid compliance coefficient (CC) was defined as ⌬D/⌬P and distensibility coefficient as 2⌬D/DD · ⌬P. , with no significant changes afterward. CC and DC were inversely proportional to age (rϭϪ0.49 and Ϫ0.62, respectively, PϽ0.001). The efficiency of neural integrative mechanisms, estimated as the ratio of spontaneous indices and CC, more than doubled from group 1 to group 3. Spontaneous indices were linearly related to measures of cardiac vagal activity. Conclusions-The increase in spontaneous indices from early childhood to adolescence, despite gradual stiffening of the carotid artery, may indicate improved cardiovagal autonomic function, which is most likely a result of maturation of neural mechanisms, attaining peak level at adolescence.

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Section: Lenard Et Al Maturation Of Cardiovagal Autonomic Functionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Maturation of Cardiovagal Autonomic Function From Childhood to Young Adult Age

et al. 2004

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“…Our data on HRV parameters in populations with different ages and resting heart rates are consistent with other studies (1). For example, the values for HRV parameters were lower among premature infants than among the pediatric oncology patients, consistent with previous research showing increasing values of HRV parameters during childhood as the autonomic nervous system matures (24,46). Similarly, the values for HRV parameters were generally higher among the 33 pediatric patients with an average age of 9.8 y than in older adults with an average age of 66 y, consistent with previously observed declines in values of HRV parameters with aging (1,47-49).…”

Section: Hrv Outlier Methodssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…In children HRV generally increases between the birth and fourteen years of age as the autonomic nervous system matures (24,25). In adults HRV generally decreases with normal aging (6,26,27).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Heart Rate Variability: Impact of Differences in Outlier Identification and Management Strategies on Common Measures in Three Clinical Populations

2007

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Heart rate variability (HRV) is reported increasingly in pediatric research, but different strategies used to identify and manage potential outlier beats impact HRV parameter values in adults and animals. Do they in pediatrics? To compare the impact of different strategies to identifying and managing outliers, we used interbeat interval (IBI) data from three different populations: 10 stable premature infants, 33 stable pediatric oncology patients, and 15 healthy adults. Five commonly reported HRV parameters were compared using three identification and two management strategies to filter potential outliers. The three populations had different resting heart rates: 155 Ϯ 9 beats per minute (bpm) in infants, 105 Ϯ 17 bpm in children, and 87 Ϯ 12 bpm in adults. All three identification strategies flagged fewer than 2% of IBIs; the threshold identification strategy, excluding IBIs denoting heart rates Ͻ30 or Ͼ300 bpm, identified significantly fewer outliers than the other two strategies and generated higher HRV parameters in all populations (p Ͻ 0.001). There were no significant differences in HRV parameters calculated by managing identified outliers by "tossing" them versus "interpolating" values. Different strategies for identifying potential outliers are associated with significant differences in HRV parameters. Pediatric researchers who report HRV should detail their outlier filtering strategies. (Pediatr Res 62: 337-342, 2007) H eart rate variability (HRV) measurements are increasingly used by researchers to describe physiology, provide prognostic information, and measure response to therapies (1). HRV is the beat-to-beat variation of the interbeat interval (IBI) of the ECG (ECG). This variability is modulated primarily by the sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomic nervous system (2-4). Methods for calculating time and frequency-domain parameters of HRV were recommended by the Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology (5) and these methods have been widely adopted (6).The SD of the IBI (SDNN) is the most widely used measure of HRV, followed by the root mean square of the difference of successive IBIs (RMSSD). Other commonly used parameters include pNN50 (the percentage of IBIs that differ by more than 50 ms from the previous IBI), and parameters from power spectral analyses based on fast Fourier transformations, particularly low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) power. HF oscillations (0.15-0.4 Hz) are thought to be markers of parasympathetic and particularly vagal autonomic tone. LF oscillations (0.04 -0.15 Hz) reflect sympathetic and to a lesser extent, parasympathetic tone (7).Increases in HRV parameters, up to a point, reflect adaptability, resilience and well being, while decreases in HRV reflect rigidity, poor health status and a poor prognosis in both adults and children with a wide variety of clinical conditions (8 -23). In children HRV generally increases between the birth and fourteen years of age as the autonomic nervous system matures (24,25). In adults HRV generally decreases...

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“…However, despite the greater control of these external factors, large HRV variation (e.g., CV = 3-128%) between recordings 8 weeks apart was still demonstrated in the current study. The great variation between HRV measures was most prominent during exercise and may be a resultant of a developing and maturing autonomic nervous system with age in children (38,39). Others have demonstrated this maturation process, reporting a negative and linear relationship between measures of vagal function and age (35,36,40) while lower HRV was reported for both young and mature adults using protocols and HRV analysis methodology similar to those used in the current study (24).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Moderate-term reproducibility of heart rate variability during rest and light to moderate exercise in children

Leicht

Allen

2008

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Previous studies have demonstrated the high reproducibility of heart rate variability (HRV) measures in adults while little information exists concerning HRV reproducibility in children. Subsequently, the aim of the current study was to examine the moderate-term reproducibility of heart rate and frequency domain measures of HRV during rest and light to moderate exercise in children. Ten healthy children (6 males, 4 females) aged between 7 and 12 years of age volunteered for this study with HRV recordings obtained during supine rest and three treadmill walking exercise work rates (≤60% maximum heart rate), initially and then 8 weeks later. Differences (P < 0.05) between variables were examined using paired t-tests or Wilcoxon signed rank tests while reliability and reproducibility were examined by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), coefficients of variation (CV), and mean bias ratio and ratio limits of agreement (LOA). Heart rate and all measures of HRV at rest and exercise were unchanged after 8 weeks. Significant ICC were documented primarily during rest (0.72-0.85) while weaker relationships (-0.02-0.87) were evident during exercise. A large range of CV was identified during rest (6-33%) and exercise (3-128%) while the ratio LOA were variable and substantial (1.04-2.73). Despite similar HRV over an 8-week period, variable ICC and sizable CV and ratio LOA indicate moderate to poor reproducibility of HRV in children, particularly during light to moderate exercise. Studies examining HRV in children should include age-or maturation stage-matched control participants to address the age-related change in HRV and inadequate HRV reliability.

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Heart Rate Variability in Normotensive Healthy Children With Aging

Cited by 32 publications

References 14 publications

Maturation of Cardiovagal Autonomic Function From Childhood to Young Adult Age

Maturation of Cardiovagal Autonomic Function From Childhood to Young Adult Age

Heart Rate Variability: Impact of Differences in Outlier Identification and Management Strategies on Common Measures in Three Clinical Populations

Moderate-term reproducibility of heart rate variability during rest and light to moderate exercise in children

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