Heart Rate Variability in Elite American Track-and-Field Athletes

Berkoff, David J.; Cairns, Charles B.; Sánchez, León D.; Moorman, Claude T.

doi:10.1519/00124278-200702000-00041

Cited by 66 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Moreover, experience and theoretical knowledge for physiological interpretation are both greater for this recording period. Most of HRV studies with athletes and healthy people use short term records of ten minutes or less (5,6,16,37) and it is known that the effect size is higher as the record is shorter [38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normal values of heart rate variability at rest in a young, healthy and active Mexican population

Corrales¹,

Almagro²,

Esquivel³

et al. 2012

Health

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This study analyzed Heart Rate Variability in a large sample of active young subjects within a narrow age range (18 to 25), using time and frequency domain methods and a Poincaré plot. Heart rate was recorded (beat to beat) for 30 minutes at rest in 200 healthy subjects divided into 4 groups: 50 sportsmen (20.54 ± 1.52 years); 50 active men (21.22 ± 1.31 years); 50 sportswomen (20.10 ± 1.87 years) and 50 active women (20.92 ± 1.87 years). Significant differences were found for most parameters between athletes and active subjects (male and female) but not between genders. Percentile distributions were provided for all parameters (according to gender and physical activity level) to be used as references in future researches.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normal values of heart rate variability at rest in a young, healthy and active Mexican population

Corrales¹,

Almagro²,

Esquivel³

et al. 2012

Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Thus alterations in autonomic modulation after short-term training may be dependent on continuation of the exercise stimulus. With longer duration of training, more permanent/ chronic adaptations may ensue, e.g., cross-sectional findings in endurance-and strength-trained athletes (5,34).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After the 15-min quiet rest period, heart rate was recorded continuously by ECG with a single-lead CM 5 configuration with subjects still in the supine position (Biopac Systems, Santa Barbara, CA). Lead site preparation and placement were standardized according to American Heart Association standards (15).…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heart rate recovery and heart rate complexity following resistance exercise training and detraining in young men

Heffernan

Fahs

Shinsako

et al. 2007

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

114

115

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Heffernan KS, Fahs CA, Shinsako KK, Jae SY, Fernhall B. Heart rate recovery and heart rate complexity following resistance exercise training and detraining in young men. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: H3180-H3186, 2007. First published September 21, 2007; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00648.2007.-The purpose of this study was to examine heart rate recovery (HRR) and linear/nonlinear heart rate variability (HRV) before and after resistance training. Fourteen young men (25.0 Ϯ 1.1 yr of age) completed a crossover design consisting of a 4-wk time-control period, 6 wk of resistance training (3 days/wk), and 4 wk of detraining. Linear HRV was spectrally decomposed using an autoregressive approach. Nonlinear dynamics of heart rate complexity included sample entropy (SampEn) and LempelZiv entropy (LZEn). HRR was calculated from a graded maximal exercise test as maximal heart rate attained during the test minus heart rate at 1 min after exercise (HRR). There was no change in SampEn, LZEn, or HRR after the time-control portion of the study (P Ͼ 0.05). SampEn (P Ͻ 0.05), LZEn (P Ͻ 0.05), and HRR (P Ͻ 0.05) increased after resistance training and returned to pretraining values after detraining. There was no change in spectral measures of HRV at any time point (P Ͼ 0.05). These findings suggest that resistance exercise training increases heart rate complexity and HRR after exercise but has no effect on spectral measures of HRV in young healthy men. These autonomic changes regress shortly after cessation of training.heart rate variability; entropy; parasympathetic; autonomic LOSS OF HEART RATE variability (HRV) and slow heart rate recovery (HRR) after exercise, indexes of cardiac autonomic function, are associated with increased risk for arrhythmia and other cardiovascular morbidities and mortality (9,11,47,48,51,53). Concomitantly, increased HRV and HRR are associated with improved prognosis and lower mortality related to cardiovascular disease (11,53). Numerous studies have shown that aerobic/endurance exercise training increases HRV and HRR (13,17,25,26,31,49). Far less is known regarding the effects of resistance training on autonomically mediated beatto-beat cardiac fluctuations and postexercise HRR.Cross-sectional studies have found faster HRR after exercise in strength-trained athletes than their sedentary peers (34), suggesting faster vagal reactivation and/or faster sympathetic withdrawal. No prospective studies have examined the effect of resistance training on HRR. Moreover, the limited evaluations of cardiac autonomic modulation using HRV do not support favorable adaptations. Spectrally decomposing HRV, Cooke and Carter (12) demonstrated no change in high-frequency (HF) power after a strength-training intervention, suggesting no change in cardiac parasympathetic modulation.However, a great deal of information in the HRV signal spectra is not solely harmonic. A certain degree of randomness or irregularity exists in the system (24). As such, use of linear methods alone to analyze beat-to-beat changes in heart rate re...

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“…Units for HRV analysis using only two to five minute tachograms with zero post-test analysis time, developed and validated for athletes, are also available (Berkoff et al, 2007). However, the cost of such equipment, ranging in the region of tens of thousand US Dollars, limits its accessibility.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between exercise capacity and heart rate variability: Supine and in response to an orthostatic stressor

Grant

Clark

Rensburg

et al. 2009

Autonomic Neuroscience

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A b s t r a c tThe study investigated whether supine-measured HRV indicators, and/or HRV indicators measured during orthostatic stress are related to conventional measures of exercise and performance ability such as VO 2max . Only two significant correlations (pb0.05) out of 30 tests were found between supinedetermined HRV indicators and conventional measures. In contrast, fifteen of the 30 relationships calculated during orthostatic stress were significant. Relationships were at best low to moderate (0.2b|corr|b0.4). As expected, the relationships obtained during orthostatic stress were reversed from that obtained in the supine position. In summary, although HRV indicators are related to cardiovascular fitness, correlations between VO 2max and these parameters are found only under very specific conditions. HRV parameters explain very little of the variance in VO 2max . In addition, estimating the exercise capacity from HRV indicators requires experience and extreme caution Maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2max ) is widely used as an indicator of exercise capacity and predictor of survival and performance in a variety of clinical and athletic populations (Stelken et al., 1996;Diamond, 2007). VO 2max is normally assessed in a laboratory setting by means of respiratory gas analysis equipment. This method is expensive, time consuming and requires the expertise of qualified laboratory personnel. Currently, an increasing number of studies employ the more accessible resting heart rate variability (HRV) indicators as prognostic indicators of survival in patients and of training status in athletes (Gilliam et al., 2007;Achten and Jeukendrup, 2003). HRV represents the changes in instantaneous heart rate over a segment or the full length of an RR interval recording (tachogram), as controlled by the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) (Task Force, 1996). In this respect HRV analysis is used as a non-invasive indicator of ANS function and window on the clinical or training status of patients and athletes.In testing the assumption that HRV as determined by off-the-shelf HR monitors can be used in place of the more cumbersome and ten times more expensive than VO 2max assessment, correlations were found between resting HRV indicators and VO 2max. However, results are inconsistent and studies reported significant correlations as well as no correlations between VO 2max and the same HRV indicators (Bucheit and Gindre,

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Heart Rate Variability in Elite American Track-and-Field Athletes

Cited by 66 publications

References 25 publications

Normal values of heart rate variability at rest in a young, healthy and active Mexican population

Normal values of heart rate variability at rest in a young, healthy and active Mexican population

Heart rate recovery and heart rate complexity following resistance exercise training and detraining in young men

Relationship between exercise capacity and heart rate variability: Supine and in response to an orthostatic stressor

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