Heart rate recovery and heart rate complexity following resistance exercise training and detraining in young men

Heffernan, Kevin S.; Fahs, Christopher A.; Shinsako, Kevin K.; Jae, Sae Young; Fernhall, Bo

doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00648.2007

Cited by 113 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…As they observed a decrease in pain concomitant with an increase in heart rate variability (HRV) and indices of vagal tone and these changes were related, it is likely that the improvement in vagal tone was really a function of the decrease in pain. This is supported by findings from Heffernan et al, 49 who found no changes in HRV indices of vagal tone following resistance training. This study did, however, find an increase in HR recovery, supporting a potential increase in vagal tone with resistance training, a finding also supported by Otsuki et al 50 Furthermore, it is likely that resistance training increases both parasympathetic and sympathetic tone; thus, these changes in autonomic function do not need to be reciprocal.…”

Section: Aesupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Our finding of increased vascular conductance following the resistance training might also suggest that an increase in sympathetic tone was unlikely, but changes in vascular conductance and sympathetic tone have been shown to be dissociated. 47 Several studies have also shown an increase in parasympathetic tone following resistance training, [48][49][50] which may argue against an increase in sympathetic tone as an explanation for our findings. However, Figueroa et al 48 studied women with fibromyalgia, a vastly different population than hypertensives.…”

Section: Aementioning

confidence: 66%

“…This study did, however, find an increase in HR recovery, supporting a potential increase in vagal tone with resistance training, a finding also supported by Otsuki et al 50 Furthermore, it is likely that resistance training increases both parasympathetic and sympathetic tone; thus, these changes in autonomic function do not need to be reciprocal. 49 A further increase in arterial stiffness can be more detrimental to individuals presenting with elevated BP, as many already show increases in arterial stiffness 51 and increased peripheral resistance, further increasing cardiac risk. 52 We found differential changes between arterial stiffness and BP in our pre-to stage-1 hypertensive population.…”

Section: Aementioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of 4 weeks of aerobic or resistance exercise training on arterial stiffness, blood flow and blood pressure in pre- and stage-1 hypertensives

et al. 2008

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The benefits of aerobic exercise (AE) training on blood pressure (BP) and arterial stiffness are well established, but the effects of resistance training are less well delineated. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of resistance vs aerobic training on haemodynamics and arterial stiffness. Thirty pre-or stage-1 essential hypertensives (20 men and 10 women), not on any medications, were recruited (age: 48.2 ± 1.3 years) and randomly assigned to 4 weeks of either resistance (RE) or AE training. Before and after training, BP, arterial stiffness (pulse wave velocity (PWV)) and vasodilatory capacity (VC) were measured. Resting systolic BP (SBP) decreased following both training modes (SBP: RE, pre 136±2.9 vs post 132±3.4; AE, pre 141±3.8 vs post 136 ± 3.4 mm Hg, P ¼ 0.005; diastolic BP: RE, pre 78 ± 1.3 vs post 74 ± 1.6; AE, pre 80 ± 1.6 vs post 77 ± 1.7 mm Hg, P ¼ 0.001). Central PWV increased (P ¼ 0.0001) following RE (11 ± 0.9-12.7 ± 0.9 m s À1 ) but decreased after AE (12.1 ± 0.8-11.1 ± 0.8 m s À1 ). Peripheral PWV also increased (P ¼ 0.013) following RE (RE, pre 11.5±0.8 vs post 12.5 ± 0.7 m s À1 ) and decreased after AE (AE, pre 12.6 ± 0.8 vs post 11.6 ± 0.7 m s À1 ). The VC area under the curve (VC AUC ) increased more with RE than that with AE (RE, pre 76±8.0 vs post 131.1±11.6; AE, pre 82.7±8.0 vs post 110.1 ± 11.6 ml per min per s per 100 ml, P ¼ 0.001). Further, peak VC (VC peak ) increased more following resistance training compared to aerobic training (RE, pre 17±1.9 vs post 25.8±2.1; AE, pre 19.2±8.4 vs post 22.9 ± 8.4 ml per min per s per 100 ml, P ¼ 0.005). Although both RE and AE training decreased BP, the change in pressure may be due to different mechanisms.

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Section: Aesupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Aementioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Aementioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of 4 weeks of aerobic or resistance exercise training on arterial stiffness, blood flow and blood pressure in pre- and stage-1 hypertensives

et al. 2008

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“…These values range from 2 to 17 and from 2 to 7 mm Hg for systolic and diastolic BP, respectively, in aerobic exercises [4,32]. For resistance exercises, most studies prove a reduction of 2-13 mm Hg for systolic BP and 2-7.9 mm Hg for diastolic BP [23,[32][33][34][35][36]. On the basis of the PEH values found in this study, the effectiveness and possibility are evident of applying FT in order to promote PEH in borderline hypertensive patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood pressure responses after a session of functional training in young adults and the elderly: a pilot study

Lima¹,

Oliveira²,

Gomes³

et al. 2018

Hum Mov.

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Purpose. The potential of functional training (FT) to improve health is evident. However, regarding post-exercise hypotension (PEH) in older adults, there are few data. The study aimed to determine the cardiometabolic demand imposed by an FT session and evaluate PEH, comparing it with exercise sessions with aerobic and resistance exercises in physically active practitioners. Methods. Fourteen young (23.3 ± 2 years) and 15 older (68 ± 4 years) adults underwent a control session and FT session randomly determined. Blood pressure, heart rate, and double product were recorded at rest, during exercise, and in every 10 minutes over 60 minutes of recovery. Additionally, we measured the rate of perceived exertion (RPE). Results. The FT protocol promoted systolic PEH in both groups in the last half of recovery, reaching a reduction of 10.4 ± 4.9 mm Hg in young and 13.4 ± 3.8 mm Hg in older adults (p < 0.05). No differences were observed between the groups (p > 0.05). There were no differences between the groups with reference to RPE at any time (p > 0.05). Conclusions. A single FT session is able to promote PEH in normotensive young and borderline hypertensive older adults but without changing the RPE in comparison over the time, owing to a great similarity of FT practices in the groups.

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“…Experiments in 14 young healthy men showed that heart rate complexity measured by the sample entropy and the Lempel-Ziv entropy increased after resistance training, but returned back to previous values after cessation of training. Resistance exercise training had no effect on spectral measures of HRV (Heffernan et al 2007). …”

Section: (B ) Physiological Background Of Entropy Measures Of Rr Intementioning

confidence: 90%

Clinical impact of evaluation of cardiovascular control by novel methods of heart rate dynamics

Huikuri

Perkiömäki

Maestri

et al. 2009

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

161

124

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Heart rate variability (HRV) has been conventionally analysed with time-and frequencydomain methods, which measure the overall magnitude of RR interval fluctuations around its mean value or the magnitude of fluctuations in some predetermined frequencies. Analysis of heart rate dynamics by novel methods, such as heart rate turbulence after ventricular premature beats, deceleration capacity of heart rate and methods based on chaos theory and nonlinear system theory, have gained recent interest. Recent observational studies have suggested that some indices describing nonlinear heart rate dynamics, such as fractal scaling exponents, heart rate turbulence and deceleration capacity, may provide useful prognostic information in various clinical settings and their reproducibility may be better than that of traditional indices. For example, the short-term fractal scaling exponent measured by the detrended fluctuation analysis method has been shown to predict fatal cardiovascular events in various populations. Similarly, heart rate turbulence and deceleration capacity have performed better than traditional HRV measures in predicting mortality in post-infarction patients. Approximate entropy, a nonlinear index of heart rate dynamics, which describes the complexity of RR interval behaviour, has provided information on the vulnerability to atrial fibrillation. There are many other nonlinear indices which also give information on the characteristics of heart rate dynamics, but their clinical usefulness is not as well established. Although the concepts of nonlinear dynamics, fractal mathematics and complexity measures of heart rate behaviour, heart rate turbulence, deceleration capacity in relation to cardiovascular physiology or various cardiovascular events are still far away from clinical medicine, they are a fruitful area for research to expand our knowledge concerning the behaviour of cardiovascular oscillations in normal healthy conditions as well as in disease states.

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Heart rate recovery and heart rate complexity following resistance exercise training and detraining in young men

Cited by 113 publications

References 61 publications

Effect of 4 weeks of aerobic or resistance exercise training on arterial stiffness, blood flow and blood pressure in pre- and stage-1 hypertensives

Effect of 4 weeks of aerobic or resistance exercise training on arterial stiffness, blood flow and blood pressure in pre- and stage-1 hypertensives

Blood pressure responses after a session of functional training in young adults and the elderly: a pilot study

Clinical impact of evaluation of cardiovascular control by novel methods of heart rate dynamics

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