Heart rate variability during mindful breathing meditation

Natarajan, Aravind

doi:10.3389/fphys.2022.1017350

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Natural variations in heart rate are often attributed to autonomic functions. Recent research suggests that conscious thought can change with variations in the heartbeat cycle (Natarajan 2023), confirming the existence of interference between the mind (childhood mind via adulthood mind, as explained later in the text) and body. This biological interference represents the obstruction in information transfer between the adulthood and childhood minds with respect to the body's cells.…”

Section: Non-neural Cell Learningmentioning

confidence: 64%

Vedanta as a Foundation Model of Mind Learning Patterns: An Introduction

JARALI

2024

Preprint

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The model of mind learning should encompass all variations of adaptive processes in humans and other advanced animals. This study introduces a biological classification of learning that delineates the nature of mind learning through emotions and intelligence. It posits that learning and emotions can be classified into one of three levels: conscious, subconscious, and unconscious which is guided by soul. This approach organizes intelligence based on learning and unlearning, independent of age, and partitions the nervous system into minds of childhood and adulthood, achieving parallel consciousness, parallel subconsciousness, parallel unconsciousness and Akashic space involving spiritual information loss. Furthermore, it includes that learning includes evolutionary and social aspects. Despite the challenge of biologically explaining the classical grounded theory from a psychological standpoint, this study encompasses all six major paradigms in psychology (biological, psychodynamic, behavioral, cognitive, spiritual, and humanistic). It also discusses that why take Vedanta as a foundation in rejecting the Western psychology within the framework of Cosmic, Vedanta, Spiritual and Materialistic Intelligence and the concept of the soul specifically taken from Vedanta as a basis of the mind learning pattern(s) and renaming in Sanskrit accordingly.

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Section: Non-neural Cell Learningmentioning

confidence: 64%

Vedanta as a Foundation Model of Mind Learning Patterns: An Introduction

JARALI

2024

Preprint

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“…High RMSSD values indicate high parasympathetic activation. Autonomic balance index (ABI) indicates the ratio between the activity of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system 74 (1). Vegetative rhythm indicator (VRI) assesses the vegetative balance (2).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Autonomic balance index (ABI) indicates the ratio between the activity of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system 74 (1). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term meditation training alters brain activity and sympathetic responses at rest, but not during meditation

Rusinova,

Volodina,

Ossadtchi

2024

Sci Rep

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Although more people are engaging in meditation practices that require specialized training, few studies address the issues associated with nervous activity pattern changes brought about by such training. For beginners, it remains unclear how much practice is needed before objective physiological changes can be detected, whether or not they are similar across the novices and what are the optimal strategies to track these changes. To clarify these questions we recruited individuals with no prior meditation experience. The experimental group underwent an eight-week Taoist meditation course administered by a professional, while the control group listened to audiobooks. Both groups participated in audio-guided, 34-min long meditation sessions before and after the 8-week long intervention. Their EEG, photoplethysmogram, respiration, and skin conductance were recorded during the mediation and resting state periods. Compared to the control group, the experimental group exhibited band-specific topically organized changes of the resting state brain activity and heart rate variability associated with sympathetic system activation. Importantly, no significant changes were found during the meditation process prior and post the 8-week training in either of the groups. The absence of notable changes in CNS and ANS activity indicators during meditation sessions, for both the experimental and control groups, casts doubt on the effectiveness of wearable biofeedback devices in meditation practice. This finding redirects focus to the importance of monitoring resting state activity to evaluate progress in beginner meditators. Also, 16 h of training is not enough for forming individual objectively different strategies manifested during the meditation sessions. Our results contributed to the development of tools to objectively monitor the progress in novice meditators and the choice of the relevant monitoring strategies. According to our findings, in order to track early changes brought about by the meditation practice it is preferable to monitor brain activity outside the actual meditation sessions.

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“…Autonomic balance index (ABI) = AME / SD indicates the ratio between the activity of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system (Natarajan 2022).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-Term Meditation Training Alters Brain Activity and Sympathetic Responses at Rest, but not during the meditation

Rusinova,

Volodina,

Ossadtchi

2023

Preprint

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Numerous studies have shown that meditation has a number of positive effects on the physical and psychological well-being of practitioners. As a result, meditation has become widely practiced not only as a religious practice but also as a self-regulation technique to achieve specific measurable goals. This raises the question of how quickly physiological changes can be noticed in individuals for whom meditation is not the main focus of their lives but rather a wellbeing keeping technique. Another question is whether it is possible to observe changes occurring directly during meditation and use bio- or neuro-feedback to enhance such meditation training and achieve tangible results.In our study, the experimental group of individuals with no previous meditation experience underwent eight weeks of training in Taoist meditation (2 sessions lasting 1 hour each week), under the guidance of a certified instructor. Participants in the control group attended offline group meetings during the same period, where they listened to audio books. All participants performed meditation testing before and after the intervention, following audio instructions. During the meditation practice, participants’ EEG, photoplethysmogram, respiratory rate, and skin conductance were recorded.The meditation training, but not the control group activity, resulted in topically organized changes of the resting state brain activity and heart rate variability. Specifically, we observed an increase in EEG power in multiple frequency bands (delta, theta, alpha, beta) and changes in the heart rate variability indicators associated with sympathetic system activation. However, no significant changes were observed when we compared the physiological indicators during the actual meditation process performed prior and post the 8-week training. We interpret these changes as signs of increased alertness and possibly accelerated resting metabolic rate. Importantly, these changes were observed after only 16 hours of meditation training performed during the 8-week period of time. The absence of difference in the band-specific power profiles between the experimental and control groups during the process of meditation conceptually complicates the development of assistive devices aimed at “guiding” the novice meditators during the actual meditation. Our results suggest that the focus in creating such digital assistants should rather be shifted towards monitoring neurophysiological activity during the time intervals outside of the actual meditation. The apparent changes occur not only in the EEG derived parameters but are also detectable based on the markers of autonomous nervous system activity that can be readily registered with a range of wearable gadgets which renders hope for a rapid translation of our results into practical applications.

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Heart rate variability during mindful breathing meditation

Cited by 9 publications

References 65 publications

Vedanta as a Foundation Model of Mind Learning Patterns: An Introduction

Vedanta as a Foundation Model of Mind Learning Patterns: An Introduction

Short-term meditation training alters brain activity and sympathetic responses at rest, but not during meditation

Short-Term Meditation Training Alters Brain Activity and Sympathetic Responses at Rest, but not during the meditation

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