Heart and Vessels

d’Anjou, Marc-André; Schwarz, Tobias

doi:10.1002/9781118785676.ch23

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The CSA of the caudal lobar branches of the pulmonary arteries and veins were of a similar size, but 7 times the median CSA of the adjacent lobar bronchi. In dogs, the pulmonary artery CSA should be between 0.4 and 0.6 of the external CSA of the adjacent bronchus measured at the level of the T8 vertebra [ 27 ]. In the present study, it was not possible to obtain measurements at the level of T8, because branching of the lobar vessels and bronchi took place more cranially in all rabbits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computed tomography of the thorax in rabbits: a prospective study in ten clinically healthy New Zealand White rabbits

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundLiterature investigating the normal cross-sectional anatomy of rabbits with computed tomography (CT) is sparse and incomplete. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the normal thoracic structures, in particular the cranial thorax, with CT angiography in 10 clinically healthy New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits.ResultsAbsolute and relative measurements of the trachea, heart, thoracic caudal vena cava and aorta, right and left principal bronchi, right and left caudal lobar bronchi and the accompanying branches of the right and left pulmonary artery and vein, right and left lung volume and lung density were taken. The three lobes of the thymus (right ventral, right dorsal and left thoracic lobes) were identified in all rabbits. Both the right dorsal and left thoracic lobes of the thymus extended between the heart and thoracic wall in all individuals with the left lobe reaching more caudally in seven animals. Consequently, the craniocaudal extension of the left lung was smaller than the right lung in these rabbits. Volume of the left lung was significantly smaller than the right (P = 0.005). The cranial mediastinal, right and left tracheobronchial and the aortic thoracic lymph nodes were very small and identified in four, four, seven and ten rabbits, respectively. The heart took up a median of 4.0 intercostal spaces, and in seven rabbits, it was located in the 2nd–5th intercostal space. Median relative cardiac height and width measured 74 and 88%, respectively. The median angle of the trachea to the spine was 5°. Median density between the right and left lung did not significantly differ (− 549 and − 583 Hounsfield units, respectively). In all but one rabbit, atelectasis was present and classified as mild, moderate or severe in six, two and one individuals, respectively. Mild subclinical bronchopneumonia was diagnosed in seven rabbits.ConclusionsThe present study provides species-specific anatomical CT information and reference values for structures in the thorax of the NZW rabbit. Subclinical bronchopneumonia appears to be a common CT finding.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computed tomography of the thorax in rabbits: a prospective study in ten clinically healthy New Zealand White rabbits

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Additionally, an echocardiographically derived MPA:Ao cutoff value of 1.14 in dogs has been described as having a specificity of 1.00 (Se = 0.45) for distinguishing normal from dogs with pulmonary hypertension . In dogs, the normal range for MPA:Ao referenced in echocardiography is often adopted for evaluation of the MPA on CT scans . The authors’ clinical observation indicates that CT‐derived measurements of the MPA:Ao frequently fall above the ratio published for echocardiography in dogs that are found to lack echocardiographic evidence of PH and that the adoption of the MPA:Ao ranges published in echocardiographic studies may be inaccurate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computed Tomographic Measurement of the Main Pulmonary Artery to Aortic Diameter Ratio in Healthy Dogs: A Comparison to Echocardiographically Derived Ratios

Granger¹,

Pariaut²,

Vila³

et al. 2016

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Indicators of pulmonary hypertension in dogs examined with thoracic computed tomography (CT) are not well established in the veterinary literature. In humans, the main pulmonary artery to aortic diameter ratio (MPA:Ao) measured via CT, has been shown to be more sensitive than echocardiographic variables for predicting presence and severity of pulmonary hypertension, in some cases. In veterinary literature, the MPA:Ao has been determined echocardiographically to have an upper limit of about 1:1. Measurement of this ratio has not been described in dogs using CT. The objectives of this cross-sectional, prospective study were to compare echocardiographic measurement of MPA:Ao with that obtained via CT, determine if measurement of MPA:Ao via CT is repeatable and reproducible, and determine the effect of respiration and contrast administration on the measurement of MPA:Ao via CT. Ten healthy dogs without pulmonary hypertension were anesthetized to undergo thoracic CT using three protocols and echocardiography. The MPA:Ao was measured three times by three observers for each of the three CT protocols and compared to echocardiographic measurements. The mean MPA:Ao measured among all observers and CT protocols was 1.108 ± 0.152 (SD). The effect of CT scan protocol on MPA:Ao significantly differed among the three methods (P = 0.0014), where expiratory scans had lower MPA:Ao than inspiratory scans. The ratio measured on inspiratory CT scans consistently overestimated MPA:Ao when compared to echocardiography (bias = 0.226). Findings did not support the echocardiographically derived upper limit of MPA:Ao as an upper limit for determination of main pulmonary arterial enlargement on CT.

show abstract

“…U ntil recently, CT applications for the thorax were mostly limited to morphologic evaluation of the chest wall, mediastinum, vessels, and lung parenchyma for differentiating normal from pathological conditions in companion animals . With the increased availability of multidetector‐row CT (MDCT) scanners with up to 320 detector rows that allow image acquisition with high temporal and spatial resolution, the utilization of this modality will likely rise for evaluating the thoracic cardiovascular system in companion animals and has been used in initial case reports and studies …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Invited Review—computed Tomographic Angiography (Cta) of the Thoracic Cardiovascular System in Companion Animals

Drees

François

Saunders

2014

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Computed tomographic angiography (CTA) of the thoracic cardiovascular system is offering new diagnostic opportunities in companion animal patients with the increasing availability of multidetector-row computed tomographic (MDCT) units in veterinary facilities. Optimal investigation of the systemic, pulmonary, and coronary circulation provides unique challenges due to the constant movement of the heart, the small size of several of the structures of interest, and the dependence of angiographic quality on various contrast bolus design and patient factors. Technical and practical aspects of thoracic cardiovascular CTA are reviewed in light of the currently available veterinary literature and future opportunities given utilizing MDCT in companion animal patients with suspected thoracic cardiovascular disease.

show abstract

Heart and Vessels

Cited by 6 publications

References 8 publications

Computed tomography of the thorax in rabbits: a prospective study in ten clinically healthy New Zealand White rabbits

Computed tomography of the thorax in rabbits: a prospective study in ten clinically healthy New Zealand White rabbits

Computed Tomographic Measurement of the Main Pulmonary Artery to Aortic Diameter Ratio in Healthy Dogs: A Comparison to Echocardiographically Derived Ratios

Invited Review—computed Tomographic Angiography (Cta) of the Thoracic Cardiovascular System in Companion Animals

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About