Invited Review—computed Tomographic Angiography (Cta) of the Thoracic Cardiovascular System in Companion Animals

Drees, Randi; François, Christopher J.; Saunders, Jimmy

doi:10.1111/vru.12149

Cited by 17 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 82 publications

(273 reference statements)

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“…Recently, electrocardiographic‐gated CT angiography helped identify a single left coronary anomaly in a Bulldog with pulmonary valve stenosis . An electrocardiographic‐gated technique links image acquisition to the specific phase of the cardiac cycle . When acquired in diastole, this results in improved cardiac image quality .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non‐electrocardiographic‐gated computed tomographic angiography can be used to diagnose coronary artery anomalies in Bulldogs with pulmonary valve stenosis

Gunther-Harrington

Phillips

Visser

et al. 2018

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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Coronary artery anomalies have been reported in Bulldogs and present an increased risk when performing balloon valvuloplasty. Identification of coronary anomalies has been reported using multidetector‐row computed tomographic (MDCT) angiography with electrocardiographic gating. However, the utility of non‐electrocardiographic‐gated 16‐row computed tomographic for MDCT for the identification of coronary artery anatomy or anomalies to the authors’ knowledge has not been fully investigated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of non‐electrocardiographic‐gated computed tomographic (CT) angiography to identify coronary anomalies in Bulldogs with pulmonary valve stenosis. In this prospective, observational study, Bulldogs with echocardiographically diagnosed pulmonary valve stenosis, an echocardiographically derived transpulmonic pressure gradient >70 mm Hg, and a clinician recommendation for balloon valvuloplasty were included. Anesthetized dogs underwent a 16‐row MDCT non‐electrocardiographic‐gated CT angiography. A board‐certified veterinary radiologist and board‐certified veterinary cardiologist reviewed the CT angiography studies and identified the coronary artery anatomy. When normal coronary artery anatomy was detected on CT angiography, a right ventricular outflow tract fluoroscopic angiogram was performed and evaluated during levophase to confirm normal coronary anatomy prior to balloon valvuloplasty. Dogs with coronary anomalies noted on CT angiography were recovered from anesthesia and balloon valvuloplasty was not performed. All dogs (10/10; 100%) had interpretable images from the non‐electrocardiographic‐gated CT angiography. Coronary anomalies were identified in six dogs based on non‐electrocardiographic‐gated CT angiography, five with type R2A anomaly and one had a single left coronary ostium. Four dogs had normal coronary anatomy based on non‐electrocardiographic‐gated CT angiography. Balloon valvuloplasty was performed without incident in these four dogs. We conclude that non‐electrocardiographic‐gated CT angiography represents a noninvasive method for diagnosing coronary anomalies in Bulldogs with pulmonary valve stenosis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non‐electrocardiographic‐gated computed tomographic angiography can be used to diagnose coronary artery anomalies in Bulldogs with pulmonary valve stenosis

Gunther-Harrington

Phillips

Visser

et al. 2018

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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show abstract

“…Similarly, cross‐modality correlation and the need for establishment of reference values has prompted several publications, including the first cross‐sectional study published in VRU in 2005 by MacDonald et al using MRI to quality left ventricular mass compared to echocardiography in cats . Exact timing of the image acquisition in relation to the contrast medium highlighting the vascular bed of interest for angiography studies generally requires a power injector; specific bolus tracking software allows patient‐specific timing of the image acquisition which has been addressed in a review article . Besides anatomical depiction, optimized vascular contrast during angiography studies allows detection of luminal alterations such as thrombi .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These factors indicate the need for high spatial resolution while maintaining rapid scan acquisition; hence, several investigations used advanced multidetector CT units (eg, 64 MDCT) and high‐field MRI (eg, 3T) to establish the feasibility to image these small and fast‐moving structures . Electrocardiographic (ECG) gating is used to match the phase of image acquisition to the phase of the cardiac cycle and is necessary to perform functional evaluation of the heart, using planar and volumetric measurements . Although ECG gating is routinely used in human patients for evaluation of the coronary arteries, the use of computed tomographic angiography for depiction of the coronary arteries in Bulldogs has been demonstrated without ECG gating, making the technique available to a wider community because not all scanners are able to be equipped with ECG gating and the installation of the necessary soft‐ and hardware can be cost prohibitive.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Joint virtual issue on recent advances in veterinary cardiac imaging

Scansen

Drees

2020

Veterinary Internal Medicne

Self Cite

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“…Similarly, cross‐modality correlation and the need for establishment of reference values has prompted several publications, including the first cross sectional study published in VRU in 2005 by MacDonald et al using MRI to quality left ventricular mass compared to echocardiography in cats . Exact timing of the image acquisition in relation to the contrast medium highlighting the vascular bed of interest for angiography studies generally requires a power injector; specific bolus tracking software allows patient specific timing of the image acquisition that has been addressed in a review article . Besides anatomical depiction, optimized vascular contrast during angiography studies allows detection of luminal alterations such as thrombi .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These factors indicate the need for high spatial resolution while maintaining rapid scan acquisition, hence several investigations used advanced MDCT units (eg, 64 MDCT) and high field MRI (eg, 3T) to establish the feasibility to image these small and fast‐moving structures . Electrocardiographic (ECG) gating is used to match the phase of image acquisition to the phase of the cardiac cycle and is necessary to perform functional evaluation of the heart, using planar and volumetric measurements . While ECG gating is routinely used in human patients for evaluation of the coronary arteries, the use of CT angiography for depiction of the coronary arteries in Bulldogs has been demonstrated without ECG gating, making the technique available to a wider community since not all scanners are able to be equipped with ECG gating and the installation of the necessary soft‐ and hardware can be cost prohibitive.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%