Health Survey-Disadvantaged Schools

Abstract

SUMMARY During therapy with oral controlled released theophylline/aminophylline, steady‐state plasma drug concentrations may be predicted by fitting estimates of patient pharmacokinetic parameters to a pharmacokinetic model. The choice of model requires an assumption about the type of rate reaction of the drug absorption process (zero order or first order). In 10 subjects, plasma theophylline concentrations after a single intravenous dose of aminophylline were used to make individual estimates of drug clearance and volume of distribution. Each subject then received oral controlled release theophylline (‘Theo‐Dur’, Fisons Pharmaceuticals plc) and steady‐state pre‐dose and post‐dose plasma concentrations were determined. Predictions of steady‐state plasma theophylline concentrations using pharmacokinetic models based on first‐order (Model A) and zero order (Model 01) drug absorption were compared. Model A and Model 01 each underestimated the pre‐ and post‐dose steady‐state plasma drug concentrations. However, Model 01 was more accurate in predicting post‐dose drug concentrations, whilst Model A demonstrated better precision in the prediction of pre‐dose drug concentrations at steady‐state (P<0·05).

The Prevalence of Stuttering, Voice, and Speech-Sound Disorders in Primary School Students in Australia

“…The present study found no significant difference in the pattern of prevalence across the three speech disorders and four SES quantiles, although students who were identified with a speech disorder were more likely to come from schools with higher SES rankings. This finding differs from studies that found more children with communication disorders in environments with lower SES rankings (e.g., Roberts, Mack, & Woodhead, 1976) but is more in accord with studies that found a similar number of children with communication disorders in high and low SES environments (e.g., Felsenfeld & Plomin, 1997). There are two limitations of the present investigation with respect to SES.…”

Childhood speech disorders: Reported prevalence, comorbidity and socioeconomic profile

“…Population based studies of children with special health care needs have shown that these children are often disproportionately poor or socially disadvantaged 16,19,20 . Studies that have isolated speech disorders from other developmental difficulties report conflicting evidence: some find that speech disorders are more common among children from low SES backgrounds, 21 whereas others find no association between SES and the prevalence of CSD 22–24 …”