Health risk behaviors among male students in secondary schools in Erbil city

Baker, Jawdat Mamand ALhag; Al-Doski, Nazar

doi:10.15218/zjms.2016.0009

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…To our knowledge, there is no nationwide survey on substance use among adolescents in the Kurdistan Region, Iraq, although a single study was conducted in Erbil City on the prevalence of health risk behaviour among male students of secondary schools (9). Therefore, the present study was performed to determine the prevalence of substance use and associated risk factors among high school students in Erbil City, in order to create a database to enable educational and health institutions to take the necessary measures to combat this phenomenon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substance use among high school students in Erbil City, Iraq: prevalence and potential contributing factors

Mahmood¹,

Othman²,

Al-Tawil³

et al. 2019

East Mediterr Health J

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Background: Substance use among adolescents, especially smoking and alcohol consumption, has become a public health concern in the Kurdistan Region, Iraq, in the past 10 years. Aims: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of substance use and certain associated factors among high school students in Erbil City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a multistage cluster sampling technique to collect a sample of 3000 students. A modified version of the School Survey on Drug Use from the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime was used for data collection. Binary logistic regression models were used to identify risk factors for substance use. Results: The lifetime prevalence rates of cigarettes smoking, waterpipe smoking and alcohol consumption were 27.6%, 23.6% and 3.7%, respectively. Male gender, age 17-19 years, smoker in the family, and easy accessibility of cigarettes were significantly associated with cigarette smoking. Factors significantly associated with waterpipe smoking were male gender, age 17-19 years, waterpipe smoker in the family, waterpipe smoker friend, and easy accessibility. Male gender, alcohol dependent in the family, alcohol-dependent friend, easy accessibility of alcohol, and low family income were significant predictors of alcohol consumption. Conclusions: The prevalence of cigarette smoking and waterpipe use was high in the studied sample. Possible explanations for this finding might be the use of flavoured tobacco associated with aromatic smell, and the misconception that waterpipe smoking is less toxic and addictive than cigarette smoking.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substance use among high school students in Erbil City, Iraq: prevalence and potential contributing factors

Mahmood¹,

Othman²,

Al-Tawil³

et al. 2019

East Mediterr Health J

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show abstract

“…According to a study which is conducted to estimate the rate of some health risk behavior among male pupils of the secondary school of Erbil City, Iraq to find out the factors related to these risk behaviors, the study results revealed that smoking was the common risk behavior among the pupils (41.7%), followed physical fighting (33.3%), sexual relationships (15.5%), and alcohol drinking (6.6%). While, the lowest risk behavior is substance abuse (6) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of an Educational Program on Knowledge of High School Students about Substance Abuse in Kirkuk City

Salih¹,

Noori²

2021

INJNS

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Objective(s): This study aims at determining the effectiveness of an educational program on knowledge of high school students' knowledge about substance abuse and its health consequences, and to find out the association between students’ knowledge about substance abuse and its health consequences and their demographic data of age, socioeconomic status, and educational level of parents.Methodology: A quasi-experimental study is conducted for the period of October 28th, 2019 to March 30th, 2020. The study sample included a nonprobability “purposive” sample of (124) male students (62) students for the control group and (62) students for the study group, aged (14-19) years who are selected from Al-Hikma High School for Boys in Kirkuk City, Iraq. A self-report questionnaire is used for data collection which has included three parts; the first part deals with the students' demographic information, the second part includes students' knowledge about substances and the third part is about students' knowledge of the health effects of substance abuse.Results: The study results reveal that there is a significant difference in students' knowledge about substance abuse and its health consequences between the post-test knowledge score of the study group. There is no significant relationship between students'' knowledge and their demographic variables of age, parents’ education, and socio-economic status.Recommendations: The study recommends that providing of an educational program about substance abuse and their consequences as part of the curriculum in high schools is essential and encouraging collaboration between the Ministry of Health and Environment and the Ministry of Education to prevent substance abuse among students.

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Alcohol among young people in Iraq: a systematic scoping review

2022

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Introduction Young people in Iraq are exposed to conflict and trauma, and to alcohol references in uncensored international TV and media. Previous regional reviews indicate that alcohol is the least studied substance in Arab countries and no data on young people in Iraq were identified. Accordingly, we re-examined the scope of available literature on alcohol and Iraqi young people, including in studies where alcohol was not the primary focus. Methods Five major international databases (MEDLINE (OVID), Embase (OVID), PsycINFO (OVID), Scopus, Web of Science) and one local Iraqi database (Iraqi Academic Scientific Journals (IASJ)) were systematically searched for published articles up to 16 September 2019. Original articles that included any alcohol data on general Iraqi young or student samples were included. Results Thirteen articles met the inclusion criteria from a total of 3374 results. All studies were cross-sectional and quantitative. Most alcohol data were incidental rather than the focus of the studies. All but two studies used face-to-face or pen-and-paper surveys. Each study reported on alcohol differently—with most not using validated tools. A wide range of drinking prevalence was reported (2.2%–23.7%). Studies reported a relatively high rate (12.2–56%) of alcohol misuse among those that drink. Alcohol was associated with risky behaviour in the two studies that reported on this measure. Conclusion Results suggest a low prevalence of drinking compared to non-Muslim Majority Countries (non-MMCs), and a relatively high prevalence of risk amongst drinkers. More research is needed using study methods and validated screening or diagnostic tools tailored for the local Iraqi context.

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Health risk behaviors among male students in secondary schools in Erbil city

Abstract: Health risk behaviors among male students …….

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Substance use among high school students in Erbil City, Iraq: prevalence and potential contributing factors

Substance use among high school students in Erbil City, Iraq: prevalence and potential contributing factors

Effectiveness of an Educational Program on Knowledge of High School Students about Substance Abuse in Kirkuk City

Alcohol among young people in Iraq: a systematic scoping review

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