Health Risk Assessment of the Levels of BTEX in Ambient Air of One Urban Site Located in Leon, Guanajuato, Mexico during Two Climatic Seasons

Bretón, Julia Griselda Cerón; Bretón, Rosa María Cerón; Morales, Stephanie Martínez; Kahl, Jonathan D. W.; Guarnaccia, Claudio; Severino, Reyna del Carmen Lara; Marrón, Marcela Rangel; Lara, Evangelina Ramírez; Fuentes, María de la Luz Espinosa; Uc, Martha Patricia; Sánchez, G.

doi:10.3390/atmos11020165

Cited by 37 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 43 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…For example, there are differences found in ambient air in industrial, residential, or commercial areas around Yokohama city, Japan, between summer and winter, with the highest concentrations of BTEX in industrial areas [19]. A study during two climatic seasons of 2018 (summer and autumn) for BTEX determination has been conducted in Leon, Guanajuato, Mexico, which showed high-medium concentrations of toluene, ethylbenzene, and p-xylene during summer and the highest concentration of benzene in autumn [20]. In Jeddah, a coastal city in Saudi Arabia, the BTEX determinations showed seasonal variation during a one-year experiment, with higher concentrations during the spring and lower concentrations during the autumn [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The occurrence of pollutants affects not only the ambient air quality but also increases human respiratory symptoms and deaths. The scientific literature shows that respiratory problems, acute bronchitis, heart problems, lung cancer, lung diseases, and asthma have increased due to the high pollution levels of BTEX (especially benzene, which is classified as "carcinogenic to humans" (Group 1)) in the environment [20]. A recent meta-analysis study has shown morbidity in some months for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, mainly for stroke and pneumonia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Seasonality Impact of the BTEX Pollution on the Atmosphere of Arad City, Romania

Popitanu

Cioca

Copolovici

et al. 2021

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Benzene, toluene, and total BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene) concentrations registered for one year (2016) have been determined every month for one high-density traffic area. The assessment was performed in Arad City, Romania, to evaluate these pollutants and their influence on the inhabitants’ health. The contaminants were sampled using a static sampling method and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Benzene was the most dominant among the BTEX compounds—the average concentrations ranged from 18.00 ± 1.32 µg m−3 in December to 2.47 ± 0.74 µg m−3 in August. The average toluene concentration over the year was 4.36 ± 2.42 µg m−3 (with a maximum of 9.60 ± 2.39 µg m−3 in November and a minimum of 1.04 ± 0.29 µg m−3 in May). The toluene/benzene ratio (T/B) was around 0.5, indicating substantial contributions from mobile sources (vehicles). The emission and accumulation of different aromatic compounds (especially benzene) could deteriorate the urban air quality. The lifetime cancer risk (LTCR) for benzene was found to be more than 10−5 in winter, including the inhabitants in the “probable cancer risk” category.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Seasonality Impact of the BTEX Pollution on the Atmosphere of Arad City, Romania

Popitanu

Cioca

Copolovici

et al. 2021

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, residents exposed to high levels of formaldehyde for long periods of time are at risk of developing cancer. According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency health-risk-assessment model [ 60 , 61 ], and with reference to the Ministry of Environmental Protection and the China Environmental Exposure Behavior Study, the health risk of formaldehyde can be calculated by using the following equation.

where CR is the carcinogenic risk, I is the daily intake, mg·(kg·d) −1 , CSF indicates the carcinogenic slope factor kg·d·mg −1 , and formaldehyde is 0.046 kg·d·mg −1 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor Air Quality in Tujia Dwellings in Hunan, China: Field Tests, Numerical Simulations, and Mitigation Strategies

Zhang

Shi

Liu

et al. 2022

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Air pollution is a major health hazard. The traditional habits and unique ethnic fire culture in Hunan Tujia region result in the long-term exposure of residents, especially elderly people, to pollutants. In this study, we conducted field monitoring and assessment of indoor pollutants in the residential houses of Hunan Tujia families and subsequently visualised and simulated fire pollutants in representative residential houses by using fire-dynamic-simulator software. Pollutant-control strategies, using passive smoke collectors and resizing windows, were proposed and simulated for validation. The results revealed that passive smoke collectors reduced the pollutant concentration in the hall house by 43.96%. Furthermore, the optimal window size was 1500 mm × 1500 mm, and the most reasonable windowsill height of the firepit was 1800 mm. The results of the study can be used to improve the indoor air quality of Tujia dwellings and mitigate the adverse health effects of exposure to indoor air pollution without restricting ethnic beliefs and traditional customs.

show abstract

“…An LCR greater than 1 × 10 −4 indicates a maximum individual risk for cancer. Normally the LCR should be below 1 × 10 −6 [41].…”

Section: Deterministic and Stochastic Risk Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Presence Volatile Organic Compounds (BTEX) in the Ambient Air and Biogases Produced by a Shiraz Landfill in Southern Iran

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The generation and emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) affects the environment and air quality, playing an important role in global warming, depletion of atmospheric ozone and emission of unpleasant odors, but also directly affect human health. This study investigated the health risks of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene (BTEX) compounds and biogas released in and around the municipal landfill. Sampling of the VOCs was carried out by the 1501NIOSH method from 8 points over 5 months. The samples were analyzed for BTEX in the ambient air of the landfill, resulting in 0.03–18.09 ppm concentrations, while for biogases a 0.08–25.2 ppm range was found. Assessment of definite health and potential risks showed that the lifetime cancer risk (LCR) for benzene and hazard quotient (HQ) for the BTEX components in all studied sampling sites are higher than the acceptable standard. The high concentration of benzene measured in ambient air indicated that petroleum compounds containing benzene and its derivatives have the highest value in the category of BTEX compounds among all emissions. Therefore, high concentrations of volatile compounds derived from VOCs, especially benzene, should be reduced at the site with control engineering measures.

show abstract

Health Risk Assessment of the Levels of BTEX in Ambient Air of One Urban Site Located in Leon, Guanajuato, Mexico during Two Climatic Seasons

Cited by 37 publications

References 43 publications

The Seasonality Impact of the BTEX Pollution on the Atmosphere of Arad City, Romania

The Seasonality Impact of the BTEX Pollution on the Atmosphere of Arad City, Romania

Indoor Air Quality in Tujia Dwellings in Hunan, China: Field Tests, Numerical Simulations, and Mitigation Strategies

Investigation of the Presence Volatile Organic Compounds (BTEX) in the Ambient Air and Biogases Produced by a Shiraz Landfill in Southern Iran

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About