Investigation of the Presence Volatile Organic Compounds (BTEX) in the Ambient Air and Biogases Produced by a Shiraz Landfill in Southern Iran

Abstract

The generation and emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) affects the environment and air quality, playing an important role in global warming, depletion of atmospheric ozone and emission of unpleasant odors, but also directly affect human health. This study investigated the health risks of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene (BTEX) compounds and biogas released in and around the municipal landfill. Sampling of the VOCs was carried out by the 1501NIOSH method from 8 points over 5 months. The samples were analyzed for BTEX in the ambient air of the landfill, resulting in 0.03–18.09 ppm concentrations, while for biogases a 0.08–25.2 ppm range was found. Assessment of definite health and potential risks showed that the lifetime cancer risk (LCR) for benzene and hazard quotient (HQ) for the BTEX components in all studied sampling sites are higher than the acceptable standard. The high concentration of benzene measured in ambient air indicated that petroleum compounds containing benzene and its derivatives have the highest value in the category of BTEX compounds among all emissions. Therefore, high concentrations of volatile compounds derived from VOCs, especially benzene, should be reduced at the site with control engineering measures.

Annual fluctuation of gas concentration within the landfill surface layer in a tropical climate: A case study of a municipal wasteyard

“…As shown in Exhibit 5, there were positive correlations between CH 4 , NH 3 , H 2 S, and VOCs with relative humidity, and the strength of the relationship was not decisive. However, a previous study reported a direct impact on the emission of VOCs, and higher levels of VOCs were noted at high relative humidity (Khademi et al., 2022).…”

Temporal Variations in Urban Air Pollution during a 2021 Field Campaign: A Case Study of Ethylene, Benzene, Toluene, and Ozone Levels in Southern Romania

“…In cities, ozone formation and destruction are complex mechanisms and depend on solar radiation and pollutants emissions from traffic. According to other studies, the ozone concentrations at the ground level are strongly related to seasonal, episodic, and diurnal fluctuations [73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80]. In areas with high levels of vegetation and abundant sunlight, such as forests or densely vegetated regions, VOC emissions from plants can contribute to ozone formation.…”

El compostaje de cáscara de Musa paradisiaca L. para la producción de biogás y biometano como estrategia de preservación de la salud ambiental

“…Los gases de efecto invernadero tales como CO2, CH4, N2O y gases fluorados son el resultado de la actividad humana, como la generación de electricidad y producción de calor (25%), agricultura, silvicultura y otros usos de la tierra (24%), industria (21%), transporte (14%), edificios (6%) y otras energías (10%), (Cinar et al, 2022). Los vertederos públicos representan la forma más sencilla de gestionar los residuos ya que son de bajo costo y no requieren de un personal altamente calificado, sin embargo, tienen un gran impacto negativo debido a la producción de gases de vertedero, como CH4, CO2 y más de 200 gases distintos (causados por descomposición de la materia orgánica en condiciones anaeróbicas) que tienen un gran impacto en la contaminación atmosférica, y además representan un riesgos para la salud humana (Khademi et al, 2022). Además, estas emisiones son una amenaza en el agotamiento de la capa de ozono, cambio climático, acidificación, eutrofización y ecotoxicidad del ambiente.…”