Health risk assessment of inorganic arsenic intake of Cambodia residents through groundwater drinking pathway

Phan, Kongkea; Sthiannopkao, Suthipong; Kim, Kyoung-Woong; Wong, Ming Hung; Sao, Vibol; Hashim, Jamal Hisham; Yasin, Mohamed Salleh Mohamed; Aljunid, Syed Mohamed

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2010.06.021

Cited by 150 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…However, the ADD value was lower than that in Kandal, Cambodia (3.5022 × 10 −3 mg/kg/day on average) where a higher average water As concentration of 846 μg/L was reported. 11 In addition to water, vegetables and cereals contributed a mean ADD value of 2.3 × 10 −4 mg/kg/day (2% exceeding the RfD) and 5.0 × 10 −4 mg/kg/day (86% exceeding the RfD), respectively. Notably, the contribution of ADD from vegetables and cereals significantly increased with the decrease of water As concentrations (Figure 2-I, -II, and -III).…”

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Arsenic Levels and Speciation from Ingestion Exposures to Biomarkers in Shanxi, China: Implications for Human Health

Cui

Shi

Jiang

et al. 2013

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Chronic exposure to arsenic (As) threatens human health. To systematically understand the health risks induced by As ingestion, we explored water and diet contributions to As exposure, and compared As in biomarkers and the arsenicosis in a geogenic As area in China. In this study, high percentages of water (77% of n = 131 total samples), vegetables (92%, n = 120), cereals (32%, n = 25), urine (70%, n = 99), nails (76%, n = 176), and hair (62%, n = 61) contained As higher than the acceptable levels. Dietary As contributed 92% of the average daily dose (ADD) when the water As concentration was less than 10 μg/L, for which 5 out of 30 examined participants were diagnosed with arsenicosis symptoms. The distinct positive correlation between ADD and As concentrations in urine, nails, and hair suggests different applicability for these biomarkers. Methylated As as the predominant urinary As species confirms that the ingested inorganic As is methylated and is excreted through urine. In situ microdistribution and speciation analysis indicates that As is mainly associated with sulfur in nails and hair. Nails, rather than hair and urine, could be used as a proper biomarker for arsenicosis. High ADD from the environment and low excretion could result in As toxicity to humans. ■ INTRODUCTIONArsenic (As) poses a severe threat to human health through exposure pathways mainly including water and diet. 1,2 Drinking water with elevated As levels is the primary source of As ingestion. 1,3 Moreover, As-laden groundwater, if used for irrigation, can lead to appreciable amounts of As accumulation in vegetables and cereals. 4−6 Extensive research demonstrates that rice and rice products could be another As source. 7,8 However, not much attention has been paid to other cereals like wheat, which are important staple foods worldwide, that could lead to significant As ingestion. 9 The intake of As results in its detection in noninvasive human biomarkers such as urine, nails, and hair. 10−12 Urine has frequently been used as a biomarker for short-term exposure because most As metabolites are excreted within 3−4 days through urine. 12,13 Nails and hair indicate long-term exposure for 2−12 months, 10 as As can be accumulated in these structures rich in keratin. 14 Thus, the association of As levels in biomarkers and groundwater has been recently studied to evaluate its health risks. 11,15 The speciation of As in biomarkers is crucial to understand the transformation, metabolism, and toxicity of ingested As. 12,16 As species in hair and nails are traditionally determined by chemical extraction, where inorganic and methylated As are detected. 14,17 No As−S species have been reported using indirect chemical extraction methods, even though As readily bonds to sulphydryl groups. 14 In contrast, As−S species have been detected in nail and hair samples using in situ X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. 15 Unfortunately, methylated As species are not distinguished from the As−S form in nails, 18 which deserves further...

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Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Meanwhile, the cancer risk was found to be 6% for >1 in 100 exposure, 88% for >1 in 1000 exposure, and 100% for highest safe standard of 1 in 10 000 exposure (SI Table S8), which is in agreement with a previous study in Cambodia. 11 Thus, exposure to As resulted in a severe health risk.…”

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arsenic Levels and Speciation from Ingestion Exposures to Biomarkers in Shanxi, China: Implications for Human Health

Cui

Shi

Jiang

et al. 2013

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Individuals can be exposed to OCPs through several pathways, but oral exposure route is considered to be the most important one (Phan et al, 2010;Hu et al, 2011). In this study, a health risk assessment model derived from US EPA is applied to estimate the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks for adults and children consuming the shallow groundwater as their drinking water source (IRIS, 2005).…”

Section: Health Risk Assessment Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentrations and potential health hazards of organochlorine pesticides in shallow groundwater of Taihu Lake region, China

Luo

Gui

et al. 2014

Science of The Total Environment

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“…Sampson et al [268] suggest that as many as 100,000 persons are at high risk of arsenic exposure in Kandal Province, Cambodia, where arsenic concentrations in tubewells are particularly high [269][270][271]). All of the 46 wells examined in Kandal Province by Phan et al [272] had arsenic concentrations in excess of 50 µg per liter. More than 10% of the 40,000 wells surveyed by Vietnam's Department of Water Resources Management during 2002 to 2008, and considered by Erban et al [273] in their study of arsenic in the multi-layered aquifer system in the Mekong Delta, had arsenic concentrations in excess of the World Health Organization's drinking water standard of 10 µg per liter.…”

Section: Extent Of the Problemmentioning

confidence: 93%

Managing Water and Soils to Achieve Adaptation and Reduce Methane Emissions and Arsenic Contamination in Asian Rice Production

Wichelns

2016

Water

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Rice production is susceptible to damage from the changes in temperature and rainfall patterns, and in the frequency of major storm events that will accompany climate change. Deltaic areas, in which millions of farmers cultivate from one to three crops of rice per year, are susceptible also to the impacts of a rising sea level, submergence during major storm events, and saline intrusion into groundwater and surface water resources. In this paper, I review the current state of knowledge regarding the potential impacts of climate change on rice production and I describe adaptation measures that involve soil and water management. In many areas, farmers will need to modify crop choices, crop calendars, and soil and water management practices as they adapt to climate change. Adaptation measures at the local, regional, and international levels also will be helpful in moderating the potential impacts of climate change on aggregate rice production and on household food security in many countries. Some of the changes in soil and water management and other production practices that will be implemented in response to climate change also will reduce methane generation and release from rice fields. Some of the measures also will reduce the uptake of arsenic in rice plants, thus addressing an important public health issue in portions of South and Southeast Asia. Where feasible, replacing continuously flooded rice production with some form of aerobic rice production, will contribute to achieving adaptation objectives, while also reducing global warming potential and minimizing the risk of negative health impacts due to consumption of arsenic contaminated rice.

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Health risk assessment of inorganic arsenic intake of Cambodia residents through groundwater drinking pathway

Cited by 150 publications

References 25 publications

Arsenic Levels and Speciation from Ingestion Exposures to Biomarkers in Shanxi, China: Implications for Human Health

Arsenic Levels and Speciation from Ingestion Exposures to Biomarkers in Shanxi, China: Implications for Human Health

Concentrations and potential health hazards of organochlorine pesticides in shallow groundwater of Taihu Lake region, China

Managing Water and Soils to Achieve Adaptation and Reduce Methane Emissions and Arsenic Contamination in Asian Rice Production

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