Health risk assessment of dermal and inhalation exposure to deodorants in Korea

2019

Sustainability

In 2016, the safety issues of humidifier disinfectants and some other safety incidents in personal cares caused chemical phobia syndrome in the Korean society. This series of events has created a trend for cosmetic consumers to undermine brand confidence and to self-check the safety of commercial cosmetic formulations through mobile apps. The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of trust in domain specific information on the safety rating of cosmetic ingredients on the perceived value and the purchase intention of the cosmetics. The results of structural equation modeling showed that involvement of skin safety (ISS) had a positive effect on trust in domain specific information on safety (TDSI) and brand loyalty (BL). TDSI showed a positive effect on the perceived safety value (PFV) and the perceived social value (PSV), and BL had a positive effect on the PSV. ISS, TDSI, and PSV had a positive effect on the purchase intention (PI) of green-grade cosmetics (GGC). As hypothesized, BL had an adverse effect on PI of GGC. Given the results, utilizing the signal of the domain specific information may be recommended to new entrants to the cosmetic business or manufacturers with relatively weak brand power.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Trust in Domain-Specific Information of Safety, Brand Loyalty, and Perceived Value for Cosmetics on Purchase Intentions in Mobile E-Commerce Context

Choi

2019

Sustainability

“…To identify how the ingredients were used in the various products, 47 deodorizing products (used in indoor air and vehicle interiors, for fabrics and shoes, and for air conditioners and other purpose) were purchased online and from a supermarket based on the results of a survey conducted to elucidate the products commonly used on the Korean market [ 24 ]. These deodorizing products comprised 31 spray type products (aerosol and trigger sprays) and 16 other application types (liquid, and fumigation) ( Table 1 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the dose rate and toxicokinetic information should be considered. In this study, only the route-to-route extrapolation was applied to the oral to dermal route, without default values due to the limited dermal toxicological information [ 24 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Risk Assessment on Hazardous Ingredients in Household Deodorizing Products

Kim

et al. 2018

IJERPH

Self Cite

The inhalation of a water aerosol from a humidifier containing disinfectants has led to serious lung injuries in Korea. To promote the safe use of products, the Korean government enacted regulations on the chemicals in various consumer products that could have adverse health effects. Given the concern over the potential health risks associated with the hazardous ingredients in deodorizing consumer products, 17 ingredients were analyzed and assessed according to their health risk on 3 groups by the application type in 47 deodorizing products. The risk assessment study followed a stepwise procedure (e.g., collecting toxicological information, hazard identification/exposure assessment, and screening and detailed assessment for inhalation and dermal routes). The worst-case scenario and maximum concentration determined by the product purpose and application type were used as the screening assessment. In a detailed assessment, the 75th exposure factor values were used to estimate the assumed reasonable exposure to ingredients. The exposed concentrations of seven ingredients were calculated. Due to limitation of toxicity information, butylated hydroxyl toluene for a consumer’s exposure via the dermal route only was conducted for a detailed assessment. This study showed that the assessed ingredients have no health risks at their maximum concentrations in deodorizing products. This approach can be used to establish guidelines for ingredients that may pose inhalation and dermal hazards.

“…The development of the chemical industry in the past century has introduced a vast amount of chemicals to the world. Presently, there are approximately 100,000 chemicals being used globally and over 500 new chemicals are produced annually [1]. Human exposure to these chemicals occurs in many environments and along several pathways.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CPs are widely used in daily life for personal hygiene, home care, and disinfection which contain an excessive amount of chemicals [3]. These chemicals are used as active ingredients, preservatives, solvent, or additives [1]. For instance, isothiazolinone type biocides are a group of preservatives used for the control of microorganisms in a variety of products such as cleaning agents, fabric softeners, shampoos, were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, methylchloroisothiazolinone (CMI), and its internal standard benzoisothiazol-3-one-13C6 was supplied by Toronto Research Chemicals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and Concentration of Chemical Additives in Consumer Products in Korea

Sardar

Choi

Naree

et al. 2019

IJERPH

As the variety of chemicals used in consumer products (CPs) has increased, concerns about human health risk have grown accordingly. Even though restrictive guidelines and regulations have taken place to minimize the risks, human exposure to these chemicals and their eco-compatibility has remained a matter of greater scientific concern over the years. A major challenge in understanding the reality of the exposure is the lack of available information on the increasing number of ingredients and additives in the products. Even when ingredients of CPs formulations are identified on the product containers, the concentrations of the chemicals are rarely known to consumers. In the present study, an integrated target/suspect/non-target screening procedure using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) with stepwise identification workflow was used for the identification of known, suspect, and unknown chemicals in CPs including cosmetics, personal care products, and washing agents. The target screening was applied to identify and quantify isothiazolinones and phthalates. Among analyzed CPs, isothiazolinones and phthalates were found in 47% and in 24% of the samples, respectively. The highest concentrations were 518 mg/kg for benzisothiazolone, 7.1 mg/kg for methylisothiazolinone, 2.0 mg/kg for diethyl phthalate, and 21 mg/kg for dimethyl phthalate. Suspect and non-target analyses yielded six tentatively identified chemicals across the products including benzophenone, ricinine, iodocarb (IPBC), galaxolidone, triethanolamine, and 2-(2H-Benzotriazol-2-yl)-4, 6-bis (1-methyl-1-phenylethyl) phenol. Our results revealed that selected CPs consistently contain chemicals from multiple classes. Excessive use of these chemicals in daily life can increase the risk for human health and the environment.