Occurrence and Concentration of Chemical Additives in Consumer Products in Korea

Abstract

As the variety of chemicals used in consumer products (CPs) has increased, concerns about human health risk have grown accordingly. Even though restrictive guidelines and regulations have taken place to minimize the risks, human exposure to these chemicals and their eco-compatibility has remained a matter of greater scientific concern over the years. A major challenge in understanding the reality of the exposure is the lack of available information on the increasing number of ingredients and additives in the products. Even when ingredients of CPs formulations are identified on the product containers, the concentrations of the chemicals are rarely known to consumers. In the present study, an integrated target/suspect/non-target screening procedure using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) with stepwise identification workflow was used for the identification of known, suspect, and unknown chemicals in CPs including cosmetics, personal care products, and washing agents. The target screening was applied to identify and quantify isothiazolinones and phthalates. Among analyzed CPs, isothiazolinones and phthalates were found in 47% and in 24% of the samples, respectively. The highest concentrations were 518 mg/kg for benzisothiazolone, 7.1 mg/kg for methylisothiazolinone, 2.0 mg/kg for diethyl phthalate, and 21 mg/kg for dimethyl phthalate. Suspect and non-target analyses yielded six tentatively identified chemicals across the products including benzophenone, ricinine, iodocarb (IPBC), galaxolidone, triethanolamine, and 2-(2H-Benzotriazol-2-yl)-4, 6-bis (1-methyl-1-phenylethyl) phenol. Our results revealed that selected CPs consistently contain chemicals from multiple classes. Excessive use of these chemicals in daily life can increase the risk for human health and the environment.

Proteomic analysis of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos exposed to benzyl benzoate

“…Around 100,000 chemicals are in constant use worldwide, and over 500 new chemicals are produced each year (Kim et al 2018). These chemicals are used in a wide variety of industries, including food, medicine, clothes, and cosmetics, and they are manufactured and consumed in diverse consumer products (Sardar et al 2019). Concerns about their potential impacts on human health have risen in lockstep with the diversity of chemicals used in consumer products (Hungerbühler et al 2021).…”

Recent Advances in Sample Preparation for Cosmetics and Personal Care Products Analysis

“…SLE and LLE were applied to extract a broad range of organic compounds, including allowed cosmetic ingredients such as preservatives (parabens, isothiazolinones, triclosan, etc. ), antioxidants, adipates, UV filters and dyes, as well as banned compounds such as nonylphenols, phthalates, or bisphenol- and dioxane derivatives, among others [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ]. The most critical experimental parameter in LLE and SLE is the extraction solvent.…”

“…Its selection depends on the target analyte or the analytes’ properties and on the determination technique. Solvents from intermediate polarity (MTBE [ 22 , 23 , 27 ], acetonitrile [ 28 ], mixture of solvents [ 29 ]) to more polar ones (MeOH [ 25 , 26 ], EtOH [ 30 ], mixture EtOH/water [ 24 ]) have been employed. The solvent volume ranged between 1.5 mL and 50 mL and multiple extraction steps were required in some cases to obtain an optimum extraction yield.…”

“…The solvent volume ranged between 1.5 mL and 50 mL and multiple extraction steps were required in some cases to obtain an optimum extraction yield. LLE and SLE procedures were usually assisted by stirring, mechanical shaking, or vortex agitation [ 22 , 24 , 25 , 27 , 28 , 29 ] to facilitate the analytes’ transfer between the matrix and the solvent. However, one of the main drawbacks of these techniques is the fact that after extraction, further steps such as the centrifugation, concentration and reconstitution of the supernatant or SPE are usually conducted [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ] to obtain clean extracts before analytical determination.…”

Identification of Novel Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis of Atherosclerosis Using High-Resolution Metabolomics

“…Techniques involved in metabolomics consist of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), gas or liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (GC/LC-MS/MS) [13]. Advanced metabolomics techniques based on mass spectrometry play a vital role in clinical research, diagnosis and treatment of disease, drug characterization, and environmental and agricultural research [14][15][16]. These novel techniques enable the extraction of information on global metabolic pathways from thousands of metabolites present in biological samples.…”