Health Literacy of America's Adults: Results from the 2003 National Assessment of Adult Literacy

White, Sheida; Bennett, Ian M.; Cordell, Toni; Baxter, Sandra L.

doi:10.1037/e530912012-001

Cited by 97 publications

(129 citation statements)

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“…Since health literacy is tied to health outcomes and racial minorities often experience worse health outcomes, it is perhaps unsurprising that racial differences exist in persons with average health literacy levels [8,9]. Approximately 24% of AA and 41% of Hispanic adults exhibit "below basic" health literacy compared to 9% of White adults, as measured by the National Assessment of Adult Literacy (NAAL) [10]. The assessment provides the health literacy status for American adults, ages 16 and older, with categorized literacy performance (below basic, basic, intermediate, proficient).…”

Section: Minority Race and Age As Determinants Of Health Literacymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between Attitudes about Research and Health Literacy among African American and White (Non-Hispanic) Community Dwelling Older Adults

Shah

Macauley

et al. 2021

J. Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities

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Section: Minority Race and Age As Determinants Of Health Literacymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between Attitudes about Research and Health Literacy among African American and White (Non-Hispanic) Community Dwelling Older Adults

Shah

Macauley

et al. 2021

J. Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities

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“…The percentage of adults with below basic health literacy is considerably higher for populations who identify as Black (24%), Hispanic (41%), American Indian/Alaska Native (25%), and Asian/Pacific Islander (13%) compared to non-Hispanic White (9%) [ 39 ]. Similarly, over half of adults older than 65 years were found to have less than a basic health literacy level [ 39 ]. These are the very populations known to face a disproportionate burden of cardiovascular risk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Online Patient Education Materials Related to Lipoprotein(a): Readability Assessment

Pearson¹,

Ngo²,

Ekpo³

et al. 2022

J Med Internet Res

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Background Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is a highly proatherogenic lipid fraction that is a clinically significant risk modifier. Patients wanting to learn more about Lp(a) are likely to use online patient educational materials (OPEMs). However, the readability of OPEMs may exceed the health literacy of the public. Objective This study aims to assess the readability of OPEMs related to Lp(a). We hypothesized that the readability of these online materials would exceed the sixth grade level recommended by the American Medical Association. Methods Using an online search engine, we queried the top 20 search results from 10 commonly used Lp(a)-related search terms to identify a total of 200 websites. We excluded duplicate websites, advertised results, research journal articles, or non–patient-directed materials, such as those intended only for health professionals or researchers. Grade level readability was calculated using 5 standard readability metrics (automated readability index, SMOG index, Coleman-Liau index, Gunning Fog score, Flesch-Kincaid score) to produce robust point (mean) and interval (CI) estimates of readability. Generalized estimating equations were used to model grade level readability by each search term, with the 5 readability scores nested within each OPEM. Results A total of 27 unique websites were identified for analysis. The average readability score for the aggregated results was a 12.2 (95% CI 10.9798-13.3978) grade level. OPEMs were grouped into 6 categories by primary source: industry, lay press, research foundation and nonprofit organizations, university or government, clinic, and other. The most readable category was OPEMs published by universities or government agencies (9.0, 95% CI 6.8-11.3). The least readable OPEMs on average were the ones published by the lay press (13.0, 95% CI 11.2-14.8). All categories exceeded the sixth grade reading level recommended by the American Medical Association. Conclusions Lack of access to readable OPEMs may disproportionately affect patients with low health literacy. Ensuring that online content is understandable by broad audiences is a necessary component of increasing the impact of novel therapeutics and recommendations regarding Lp(a).

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“…For instance, black patients experience limitations in insurance options and access to healthcare services compared with white patients. Furthermore, Hispanic patients and other minority racial groups may experience barriers due to health literacy and communication, which renders navigating through the hospital systems difficult 45. Additionally, social and cultural biases may undermine effective patient–provider rapport, resulting in delays in diagnosis and treatment 46–49.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical implications of gender and race in patients admitted with autoimmune hepatitis: updated analysis of US hospitals

Lee

Kwon

Koo

et al. 2022

Frontline Gastroenterol

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BackgroundAutoimmune hepatitis (AIH) can result in end-stage liver disease that requires inpatient treatment of the hepatic complications. Given this phenomenon, it is important to analyse the impact of gender and race on the outcomes of patients who are admitted with AIH using a national hospital registry.MethodsThe 2012–2017 National Inpatient Sample database was used to select patients with AIH, who were stratified using gender and race (Hispanics and blacks as cases and whites as reference). Propensity score matching was employed to match the controls with cases and compare mortality, length of stay and hepatic complications.ResultsAfter matching, there were 4609 females and 4609 males, as well as 3688 blacks and 3173 Hispanics with equal numbers of whites, respectively. In multivariate analysis, females were less likely to develop complications, with lower rates of cirrhosis, ascites, variceal bleeding, hepatorenal syndrome, encephalopathy and acute liver failure (ALF); they also exhibited lower length of stay (adjusted OR, aOR 0.96 95% CI 0.94 to 0.97). When comparing races, blacks (compared with whites) had higher rates of ALF and hepatorenal syndrome related to ALF, but had lower rates of cirrhosis-related encephalopathy; in multivariate analysis, blacks had longer length of stay (aOR 1.071, 95% CI 1.050 to 1.092). Hispanics also exhibited higher rates of hepatic complications, including ascites, varices, variceal bleeding, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and encephalopathy.ConclusionMales and minorities are at a greater risk of developing hepatic complications and having increased hospital costs when admitted with AIH.

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Health Literacy of America's Adults: Results from the 2003 National Assessment of Adult Literacy

Cited by 97 publications

References 0 publications

The Relationship Between Attitudes about Research and Health Literacy among African American and White (Non-Hispanic) Community Dwelling Older Adults

The Relationship Between Attitudes about Research and Health Literacy among African American and White (Non-Hispanic) Community Dwelling Older Adults

Online Patient Education Materials Related to Lipoprotein(a): Readability Assessment

Clinical implications of gender and race in patients admitted with autoimmune hepatitis: updated analysis of US hospitals

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