Health effects of long-term exposure to air pollution: An overview of major respiratory and cardiovascular diseases and diabetes

Andersen, Zorana Jovanovic

doi:10.2298/ciceq120110112j

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…The link between PM 10 and adverse health effects was first established in the 1990s, where epidemiological studies found a positive association between the level of particulate air pollution in cities and increased morbidity and mortality rates in both adults and children, with adverse health effects being manifested predominantly in susceptible individuals who had pre-existing pulmonary or cardiovascular disease [ 12 , 13 ]. It is now widely accepted that exposure to PM 10 may cause or exacerbate allergic respiratory diseases (e.g., asthma) [ 14 ], chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumonia, and cardiovascular disease [ 15 ] and is also defined as a definite carcinogen by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) [ 16 ]. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the toxicity of inhaled particles has been extensively investigated, and hypothesised to be driven by the stimulation of inflammation and/or oxidative stress [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to Environmental and Occupational Particulate Air Pollution as a Potential Contributor to Neurodegeneration and Diabetes: A Systematic Review of Epidemiological Research

Dimakakou

Johnston

Streftaris

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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It has been hypothesised that environmental air pollution, especially airborne particles, is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and neurodegenerative conditions. However, epidemiological evidence is inconsistent and has not been previously evaluated as part of a systematic review. Our objectives were to carry out a systematic review of the epidemiological evidence on the association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and T2DM and neurodegenerative diseases in adults and to identify if workplace exposures to particles are associated with an increased risk of T2DM and neurodegenerative diseases. Assessment of the quality of the evidence was carried out using the GRADE system, which considers the quality of the studies, consistency, directness, effect size, and publication bias. Available evidence indicates a consistent positive association between ambient air pollution and both T2DM and neurodegeneration risk, such as dementia and a general decline in cognition. However, corresponding evidence for workplace exposures are lacking. Further research is required to identify the link and mechanisms associated with particulate exposure and disease pathogenesis and to investigate the risks in occupational populations. Additional steps are needed to reduce air pollution levels and possibly also in the workplace environment to decrease the incidence of T2DM and cognitive decline.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to Environmental and Occupational Particulate Air Pollution as a Potential Contributor to Neurodegeneration and Diabetes: A Systematic Review of Epidemiological Research

Dimakakou

Johnston

Streftaris

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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“…It is well known that a number of health problems have been associated with high concentrations of PM [23]. Exposure to PM of indoor air has been linked to many different diseases, including acute and chronic respiratory diseases, tuberculosis, heart disease, asthma, lung cancer, cardiovascular disease and perinatal health outcomes.…”

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confidence: 99%

PM and CO2 variability and relationship in the different school environments

Lazović

Jovašević-Stojanović

Živković

et al. 2015

CI&CEQ

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Article Highlights• Diurnal variation of PM, CO 2 and NO 2 in classroom • PM, CO 2 and NO 2 concentrations during heating and non-heating period • Strong correlation between PM and carbon dioxide CO 2 concentrations • Management strategy for controlling of PM and CO 2 levels inside the schools is needed Abstract Indoor air quality (IAQ) is very important for children health and well-being, since children are particularly vulnerable and sensitive to the presence of air pollutants. This study was performed in two naturally ventilated schools located in the same municipality. The first school is located in an urban area, at a residential-industrial site, while the other school is situated in a rural area. School buildings were chosen based on their urban environment features. The measurements were carried out in heating and non-heating periods in duration of five consecutive working days. The objective of the study was to analyze IAQ in the classrooms with special emphasis on levels and diurnal variations of particulate matter (PM 10 and PM 2.5 ), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) in occupied and unoccupied school classrooms. In this paper, the CO 2 concentrations were measured at both indoor and outdoor environments. Concentrations of CO 2 higher than 1000 ppm were regularly detected in the classrooms during teaching hours. Indoor concentrations of PM 10 were not exceeded the guideline, daily average, value of 50 µg/m 3 . Concentrations of PM 2.5 exceeded the guideline daily average value of 25 µg/m 3 in both school during heating period. Concentrations of NO 2 did not exceed the guideline value of 200 µg/m 3 . Ventilation rates were calculated and compared with the prescribed limits. In both occupied and unoccupied periods high correlation between CO 2 and PM concentrations was determined.

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“…There are several studies that indicate links between air pollution, especially ambient air particulate matter (PM), and both short-term and long-term health effects [ 1 ]. It is now widely accepted that exposure to PM may cause or exacerbate allergic respiratory diseases (e.g., asthma), pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cardiovascular disease [ 2 ], and is classified as a human carcinogen by International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) [ 3 ]. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the toxicity of inhaled particles has been extensively investigated, and hypothesised to be driven by the stimulation of inflammation and/or oxidative stress [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Environmental and Occupational Particulate Air Pollution Exposure Related to Type-2 Diabetes and Dementia? A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the UK Biobank

Dimakakou

Johnston

Streftaris

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Human exposure to particulate air pollution (e.g., PM2.5) can lead to adverse health effects, with compelling evidence that it can increase morbidity and mortality from respiratory and cardiovascular disease. More recently, there has also been evidence that long-term environmental exposure to particulate air pollution is associated with type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and dementia. There are many occupations that may expose workers to airborne particles and that some exposures in the workplace are very similar to environmental particulate pollution. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the UK Biobank cohort to verify the association between environmental particulate air pollution (PM2.5) exposure and T2DM and dementia, and to investigate if occupational exposure to particulates that are similar to those found in environmental air pollution could increase the odds of developing these diseases. The UK Biobank dataset comprises of over 500,000 participants from all over the UK. Environmental exposure variables were used from the UK Biobank. To estimate occupational exposure both the UK Biobank’s data and information from a job exposure matrix, specifically developed for UK Biobank (Airborne Chemical Exposure–Job Exposure Matrix (ACE JEM)), were used. The outcome measures were participants with T2DM and dementia. In appropriately adjusted models, environmental exposure to PM2.5 was associated with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.02 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.03) per unit exposure for developing T2DM, while PM2.5 was associated with an odds ratio of 1.06 (95% CI 0.96 to 1.16) per unit exposure for developing dementia. These environmental results align with existing findings in the published literature. Five occupational exposures (dust, fumes, diesel, mineral, and biological dust in the most recent job estimated with the ACE JEM) were investigated and the risks for most exposures for T2DM and for all the exposures for dementia were not significantly increased in the adjusted models. This was confirmed in a subgroup of participants where a full occupational history was available allowed an estimate of workplace exposures. However, when not adjusting for gender, some of the associations become significant, which suggests that there might be a bias between the occupational assessments for men and women. The results of the present study do not provide clear evidence of an association between occupational exposure to particulate matter and T2DM or dementia.

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Health effects of long-term exposure to air pollution: An overview of major respiratory and cardiovascular diseases and diabetes

Cited by 8 publications

References 67 publications

Exposure to Environmental and Occupational Particulate Air Pollution as a Potential Contributor to Neurodegeneration and Diabetes: A Systematic Review of Epidemiological Research

Exposure to Environmental and Occupational Particulate Air Pollution as a Potential Contributor to Neurodegeneration and Diabetes: A Systematic Review of Epidemiological Research

PM and CO2 variability and relationship in the different school environments

Is Environmental and Occupational Particulate Air Pollution Exposure Related to Type-2 Diabetes and Dementia? A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the UK Biobank

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