Health Effects of Lead at Low Exposure Levels

Rosen, John F.

doi:10.1001/archpedi.1992.02160230036011

Cited by 34 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…A direct link exists between low-level lead exposure during early development and deficits in neurobehavioral-cognitive performance evident late in childhood through adolescence /69/. Strong evidence for an association between low BPb levels and intellectual impairment in children, especially for those having maximal measured BPb levels of < 10 µg dL −1 , emerged from a pooled analysis of 1,333 children followed from birth or infancy until 5–10 years of age /70/.…”

Section: Lead-induced Neurotoxic Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurotoxic Effects and Biomarkers of Lead Exposure: A Review

Sanders

Liu²,

Buchner³

et al. 2009

Reviews on Environmental Health

725

432

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Biological monitoring techniques are useful for risk assessment of toxic agents in the field of environmental health. Lead, a systemic toxicant affecting virtually every organ system, primarily affects the central nervous system, particularly the developing brain. Consequently, children are at a greater risk than adults of suffering from the neurotoxic effects of lead. The ability of lead to pass through the blood-brain barrier is due in large part to its ability to substitute for calcium ions. Within the brain, lead-induced damage in the prefrontal cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum can lead to a variety of neurological disorders, such as brain damage, mental retardation, behavioral problems, nerve damage, and possibly Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and schizophrenia. At the molecular level, lead interferes with the regulatory action of calcium on cell functions and disrupts many intracellular biological activities. Experimental studies have also shown that lead exposure may have genotoxic effects, especially in the brain, bone marrow, liver, and lung cells. This paper presents an overview of biomarkers of lead exposure and discusses the neurotoxic effects of lead with regard to children, adults, and experimental animals, updated to January 2009.

show abstract

Section: Lead-induced Neurotoxic Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurotoxic Effects and Biomarkers of Lead Exposure: A Review

Sanders

Liu²,

Buchner³

et al. 2009

Reviews on Environmental Health

725

432

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, injurious effects may occur at levels well below those previously thought safe (Araki and Honma, 1982) and a study of about 740 children in Taiwan showed a negative correlation between intelligence and the lead level in their milk teeth (Rabinowitz et al, 1991). The concern at some of the levels observed in the study region include the deleterious effects on the central nervous system and consequently on intellectual performance as summarised for example by Rosen (1992).…”

Section: Leadmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy metal pollution in Jamaica 1: Survey of cadmium, lead and zinc concentrations in the Kintyre and Hope Flat districts

Anglin-Brown

Armour-Brown

Lalor

1995

Environ Geochem Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Despite its being highly mineralised, the Hope Mine area has become a residential district. Composite soil samples taken from 91 allotments show values for cadmium: < 2-220 mg kg(-1), lead: 6-38,000 mg kg(-1), and zinc: 66-40,000 mg kg(-1). Water samples from adits contain 52-86 μg kg(-1) of lead and < 1-2 hg kg(-1) of cadmium. The soil contents of cadmium and lead in at least two areas suggest that remedial actions should be considered. Blood lead levels for 33 children aged between ten months and seven years are in the range 5.7-57 μg dl(-1); haemoglobin levels vary between 9.7 and 12.7 mg dl(-1). There is no obvious relationship between Pb and haemoglobin levels. Further geochemical work to define fully the spatial extent of the polluted region and epidemiological studies including intelligence testing to define further the effects of lead on children in this environment would be valuable.

show abstract

“…13 About fourteen million or more children less than seven years of age are at enhanced risk because they reside in housing built before 1960. 14,15 These houses harbor the highest concentrations of lead paint. At least twenty million houses have peeling lead-based paint; approximately four million of these are occupied by families with children under seven years of age.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to Metal Ions and Susceptibility to Dental Caries

Bowen

2001

Journal of Dental Education

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Results from several epidemiologic studies have shown that there are large differences in the prevalence of dental caries from one region to another within the United States as well as in other countries. It has been postulated that the observed differences may be attributed in part at least to exposure to trace elements such as selenium, vanadium, molybdenum, strontium, and lead. Although data from epidemiologic studies usually support this hypothesis, direct evidence is sparse with the possible exception of exposure to lead. Data from several epidemiologic studies and animal-based research support the concept that lead is a caries-promoting element. Lead mimics calcium in several respects and may affect development of teeth and salivary glands, clearly enhancing susceptibility to dental caries. Elevated blood levels are found most commonly in persons residing in inner cities, particularly among the poor. Many states require blood lead level to be monitored in young children. Where feasible, these records should form part of health history and be available to the treating dental practitioner to ensure that extra preventive procedures may be implemented. . The complete version of this paper can be viewed at http://www.nidcr.nih.gov/ news/consensus.asp.

show abstract

Health Effects of Lead at Low Exposure Levels

Cited by 34 publications

References 16 publications

Neurotoxic Effects and Biomarkers of Lead Exposure: A Review

Neurotoxic Effects and Biomarkers of Lead Exposure: A Review

Heavy metal pollution in Jamaica 1: Survey of cadmium, lead and zinc concentrations in the Kintyre and Hope Flat districts

Exposure to Metal Ions and Susceptibility to Dental Caries

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About