Health Effects of Fine Particulate Air Pollution: Lines that Connect

Chow, Judith C.; Watson, John G.; Mauderly, Joe L.; Costa, Daniel L.; Wyzga, Ronald E.; Vedal, Sverre; Hidy, George M.; Altshuler, Sam L.; Marrack, David; Heuss, Jon M.; Wolff, George T.; Pope, C. Arden; Dockery, Douglas W.

doi:10.1080/10473289.2006.10464545

Cited by 242 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Our findings are relevant to the copollutant dilemma, i.e., the difficulty of parsing the effects of air pollution among PM and non-PM components (37), which remains at the center of current medical, epidemiological, and regulatory debates on tropospheric particulate matter. Should the observed health effects be exclusively ascribed to particulate matter and, if so, to what component(s) of particulate matter, in terms of either particle size or chemistry, or are they elicited by interactions between particulate matter and gaseous copollutants?…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…AOZ may qualify as the stealthy secondary oxidant that diffuses through the ELF toward the biomembranes and trigger inflammatory responses (9). The implication is that AH 2 , an otherwise efficient O 3 (g) scavenger under normal physiological conditions, should gradually lose its effectivity in ELF that become locally acidified by simultaneous inhalation of acidic airborne particles (35)(36)(37) or by preexistent pathologies such as asthma (38) or defective airway pH homeostasis (39). Secondary fine particulate matter (PM Ͻ2.5 ) should be particularly detrimental (2) because, by growing on sulfate/sulfuric acid nuclei, is essentially acidic and, because of its small size, can reach deeper into the airways to generate local acidic conditions (39)(40)(41).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acidity enhances the formation of a persistent ozonide at aqueous ascorbate/ozone gas interfaces

Enami

Hoffmann

Colussi

2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

100

164

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The pulmonary epithelium, like most aerial biosurfaces, is naturally protected against atmospheric ozone (O3) by fluid films that contain ascorbic acid (AH 2) and related scavengers. This mechanism of protection will fail, however, if specific copollutants redirect AH2 and O3(g) to produce species that can transduce oxidative damage to underlying tissues. Here, the possibility that the synergistic adverse health effects of atmospheric O 3(g) and acidic particulate matter revealed by epidemiological studies could be mediated by hitherto unidentified species is investigated by electrospray mass spectrometry of aqueous AH 2 droplets exposed to O3(g). The products of AH2 ozonolysis at the relevant air-water interface shift from the innocuous dehydroascorbic acid at biological pH to a C 4-hydroxy acid plus a previously unreported ascorbate ozonide (m/z ‫؍‬ 223) below pH Ϸ5. The structure of this ozonide is confirmed by tandem mass spectrometry and its mechanism of formation delineated by kinetic studies. Present results imply enhanced production of a persistent ozonide in airway-lining fluids acidified by preexisting pathologies or inhaled particulate matter. Ozonides are known to generate cytotoxic free radicals in vivo and can, therefore, transduce oxidative damage.ascorbic acid ͉ oxidative damage ͉ particulate matter ͉ lung ͉ biosurfaces

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acidity enhances the formation of a persistent ozonide at aqueous ascorbate/ozone gas interfaces

Enami

Hoffmann

Colussi

2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

100

164

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Introduction Pope et al 2006). Biological evidence supporting plausible mechanisms is clear and includes pulmonary oxidative stress, inflammation and altered cardiac autonomic function (Pope et al 2006).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biological evidence supporting plausible mechanisms is clear and includes pulmonary oxidative stress, inflammation and altered cardiac autonomic function (Pope et al 2006). However, evidence in Latin America (LA) is scarce and systematic reviews and meta-analysis (SRMA) on the effects of PM 2.5 on daily health events rarely pool evidence from LA (Adar et al 2014;Shah et al 2015).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term effects of fine particulate matter pollution on daily health events in Latin America: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Fajersztajn

Saldiva

Pereira

et al. 2017

Int J Public Health

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ResultsWe retrieved 1628 studies. Nine were elected for the qualitative analysis and seven for the quantitative analyses. Each 10 µg/m 3 increments in daily PM 2.5 concentrations was significantly associated with increased risk for respiratory and cardiovascular mortality in all-ages (polled RR = 1.02, 95% CI, 1.02-1.02 and RR = 1.01, 95% CI , 1.01-1.02, respectively). Conclusions Short-term exposure to PM 2.5 in LA is significantly associated with increased risk for respiratory and cardiovascular mortality. Evidence is concentrated in few cities and some presented high risk of bias.

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“…Compared to inhalable particles (PM 10 ), PM 2.5 have more serious effects on human physical health because their small size can carry a variety of other pollutants, which means that the smaller the particle size, the greater the risk it would bring to the human body [14]. Furthermore, recent studies of epidemiology and toxicology showed that long-term exposure to high concentrations of CO or NO x also had a negative effect on human health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Nonlocal Vehicle Restriction Policy on Air Quality in Shanghai

Bai

et al. 2018

Atmosphere

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Abstract:In recent years, road space rationing policies have been increasingly applied as a traffic management solution to tackle congestion and traffic emission problems in big cities. Existing studies on the effect of traffic policy on air quality have mainly focused on the odd-even day traffic restriction policy or one-day-per-week restriction policy. There are few studies paying attention to the effect of nonlocal license plate restrictions on air quality in Shanghai. Restrictions toward nonlocal vehicles usually prohibit vehicles with nonlocal license plates from entering certain urban areas or using certain subsets of the road network (e.g., the elevated expressway) during specific time periods on workdays. To investigate the impact of such a policy on the residents' exposure to pollutants, CO concentration and Air Quality Index (AQI) were compared during January and February in 2015, 2016 and 2017. Regression discontinuity (RD) was used to test the validity of nonlocal vehicle restriction on mitigating environmental pollution. Several conclusions can be made: (1) CO concentration was higher on ground-level roads on the restriction days than those in the nonrestriction days; (2) the extension of the restriction period exposed the commuters to high pollution for a longer time on the ground, which will do harm to them; and (3) the nonlocal vehicle restriction policy did play a role in improving the air quality in Shanghai when extending the evening rush period. Additionally, some suggestions are mentioned in order to improve air quality and passenger health and safety.

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Health Effects of Fine Particulate Air Pollution: Lines that Connect

Cited by 242 publications

References 41 publications

Acidity enhances the formation of a persistent ozonide at aqueous ascorbate/ozone gas interfaces

Acidity enhances the formation of a persistent ozonide at aqueous ascorbate/ozone gas interfaces

Short-term effects of fine particulate matter pollution on daily health events in Latin America: a systematic review and meta-analysis

The Effect of Nonlocal Vehicle Restriction Policy on Air Quality in Shanghai

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