Health Economics

Bhattacharya, Jay; Hyde, Timothy; Tu, Peter

doi:10.1007/978-1-137-02997-3

Cited by 34 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…The sixth hypothesisperhaps the most widely acknowledged hypothesis by economistsis simple: people in poor health cannot work as hard as people with good health and therefore people in poor health will earn lower wages than those in good health. A brief description of studies is available in the review by Bhatacharya et al, 26 pages 66 to 68.…”

Section: Hypotheses For Associations Between Wages and Healthmentioning

confidence: 98%

Low Wages as Occupational Health Hazards

Leigh

Vogli

2016

Journal of Occupational &Amp; Environmental Medicine

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The history of occupational medicine has been characterized by ever-widening recognition of hazards, from fires in 1911 to asbestos in the 1960s, to job strain in the 1990s. In this essay, we argue for broadening the recognition further to include low wages. We first review possible mechanisms explaining the effects of wages on health or health behaviors. Mechanisms involve self-esteem, job satisfaction, deprivation, social rank, the "full" price of bad health, patience, and the ability to purchase health-producing goods and services. Second, we discuss empirical studies that rely on large, typically national, data sets and statistical models that use either instrumental variables or natural experiments and also account for other family income. Finally, we draw implications for laws governing minimum wages and labor unions.

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Section: Hypotheses For Associations Between Wages and Healthmentioning

confidence: 98%

Low Wages as Occupational Health Hazards

Leigh

Vogli

2016

Journal of Occupational &Amp; Environmental Medicine

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“…The strong positive correlation between health status and labour productivity is well established by Bhattacharya et al (27). Basically, poor health status leads to a reduction in productive time which, in turn, results in losses of income or time in unpaid activity.…”

Section: The Theoretical Modelmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Basically, poor health status leads to a reduction in productive time which, in turn, results in losses of income or time in unpaid activity. Bhattacharya et al (27) proposed the following equation for the association of productivity with health status based on the original Grossman (28) model, which provides an intuitive link between health and productivity:…”

Section: The Theoretical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact on productivity of a hypothetical tax on sugar-sweetened beverages

et al. 2017

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1 Present address: 1 Jordan Drive off Freetown Road, Freetown, Sierra Leone 2 Research Highlights A 20% tax on sugared sweetened drinks results in large productivity benefits. Productivity gains reached 1.9 % of total annual health expenditure in 2010. Lifetime productivity gains in the paid sector amount to AU$751 million. Lifetime productivity gains in the unpaid sector amounted to AU$1,172 million. We used an adapted multi-state lifetable Markov model 3 Abstract: Objectives: To quantify the potential impact of an additional 20% tax on sugarsweetened beverages (SSBs) on productivity in Australia. Methods: We used a multi-state lifetable Markov model to examine the potential impact of an additional 20% tax on SSBs on total lifetime productivity in the paid and unpaid sectors of the economy. The study population consisted of Australians aged 20 years or older in 2010, whose health and other relevant outcomes were modelled over their remaining lifetime. Results: The SSBs tax was estimated to reduce the number of people with obesity by 1.96% of the entire population (437,000 fewer persons with obesity ), and reduce the number of employees with obesity by 317,000 persons. These effects translated into productivity gains in the paid sector of AU$751 million for the working-age population (95% confidence interval: AU$565 million to AU$954 million), using the human capital approach. In the unpaid sector, the potential productivity gains amounted to AU$1,172 million (AU$929 million to AU$1,435 million) using the replacement cost method. These productivity benefits are in addition to the health benefits of 35,000 life years gained and a reduction in healthcare costs of AU$425 million. Conclusions: An additional 20% tax on SSBs not only improves health outcomes and reduces healthcare costs, but provides productivity gains in both the paid and unpaid sectors of the economy.

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“…Health technology assessment (HTA) is defined as the practice of evaluating new health technologies for the purpose of deciding what an insurance plan will cover [8]. CEA is an important tool to evaluate novel pharmaceuticals as CEA compares the bang for the buck or value of various pharmaceutical competing choices or alternatives.…”

Section: The Decision-making Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance-Based Risk-Sharing Arrangements (PBRSA): Is it a Solution to Increase Bang for the Buck for Pharmaceutical Reimbursement Strategy for Our Nation and Around the World?

Kim

Choi²,

Kim

2020

Clin Drug Investig

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Due to the risks involved in not achieving desired health outcomes for the dollar spent on drugs, healthcare decision makers, including payers, providers, drug manufacturers, and patients, need a mechanism to share this financial risk among the involved parties. Performance-based risk-sharing arrangements (PBRSAs) are agreements that can potentially reduce the 'drug lag' in which patients wait for an unknown amount of time until a particular drug is covered under their health plan. In addition, PBRSAs can mitigate the risk of investing heavily in drugs that are ineffective or do not deliver good value or "bang for the buck". This review describes and evaluates PBRSAs for drugs in the USA and juxtaposes to other developed nations (i.e. Germany) that adopted PBRSAs in their healthcare model. There are different types of outcomes-based health schemes, namely conditional coverage, which can be further broken down into coverage with evidence development (CED), conditional treatment continuation (CTC), and performance-linked reimbursement, which includes outcomes guarantees. Both CED and CTC are 'conditional' on the collected evidence of the new drug's effectiveness, offering discount only if the drug delivers desirable results. The outcomes guarantee scheme offers discount or even a full refund if the outcome is less than expected, forcing the drug to meet the expected effectiveness. The USA can follow the German reference pricing model in which the assessment of new drugs is centralized and done collectively by representatives from a group of healthcare decision makers. In any shape or form, PBRSA is a clever mechanism to cope with uncertainty if drug price is scaled appropriately based on value.

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Health Economics

Cited by 34 publications

References 0 publications

Low Wages as Occupational Health Hazards

Low Wages as Occupational Health Hazards

The impact on productivity of a hypothetical tax on sugar-sweetened beverages

Performance-Based Risk-Sharing Arrangements (PBRSA): Is it a Solution to Increase Bang for the Buck for Pharmaceutical Reimbursement Strategy for Our Nation and Around the World?

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