Background-A lack of longitudinal studies has made it difficult to establish the direction of associations between circulating concentrations of low-grade chronic inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein and interleukin-6, and cognitive symptoms of depression. The present study sought to assess whether C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 predict cognitive symptoms of depression or whether these symptoms predict inflammatory markers.

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Bhutan has measured citizens' well-being using gross national happiness since 2008 (left); GDP has been in use since the 1944 Bretton Woods meeting (right).

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