Health consequences of exposure to brominated flame retardants: A systematic review

Kim, Young Ran; Harden, Fiona; Toms, Leisa-Maree; Norman, Rosana

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.12.064

Cited by 159 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Humans are primarily exposed through inhalation of dust, dermal absorption and intake of fish, poultry, meat and dairy products. PBDEs are toxic and studies in animals and epidemiological or HBM studies in humans have shown neurotoxic, endocrine disrupting and carcinogenic effects (15)(16)(17)(18).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomonitoring of Danish school children and mothers including biomarkers of PBDE and glyphosate

Knudsen

Hansen

Mizrak

et al. 2017

Reviews on Environmental Health

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AbstractBackground:The Danish part of the large European Human biomonitoring pilot project Demonstration of a study to Coordinate and Perform Human biomonitoring on a European Scale (DEMOCOPHES) investigated the urine, hair and blood concentrations of 66 different environmental chemicals in a group of 145 Danish school children aged 6–11 years and their mothers from rural and urban areas in autumn 2011. Some – but not all – results were published; however, the concurrence of the chemicals has not been assessed.Methods:The measured concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and glyphosate is assessed to complete the investigation of all 66 chemicals in DEMOCOPHES. The concentrations of PBDEs were measured in plasma samples of 143 mothers and 116 children. Glyphosate was measured in a subsample of 27 urine samples. Previously assessed chemicals were polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) analyzed in blood samples, mercury analyzed in hair, and phthalate metabolites, parabens, phenols, cadmium, paracetamol and cotinine analyzed in urine samples. Differences in concentrations between mothers and children were assessed, and the associations between the concentrations of the different environmental chemicals. investigated by correlation analysis.Results:PBDE47 was found in relatively high levels compared with previous Danish results in both mothers and children, with a significantly higher level in the children compared to their mothers. Glyphosate in concentrations around 1 ng/mL was detected in all 27 samples. The analyzed environmental exposures seem to follow a pattern where chemicals within the same classes are strongly correlated and where children and mothers are exposed to the same chemicals.Conclusion:The correlations between the measured environmental chemicals indicate that a specific exposure pattern may exist, where people who are highly exposed to one class of environmental chemicals also may be highly exposed to certain other classes. As some of the compounds were measured in higher levels in children compared to mothers, increased focus also on the exposure in young children is recommended. For more detailed investigation of specific exposure sources more studies with increased power and detailed questionnaires should be developed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomonitoring of Danish school children and mothers including biomarkers of PBDE and glyphosate

Knudsen

Hansen

Mizrak

et al. 2017

Reviews on Environmental Health

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“…In the last decade, an increasing number of longitudinal prospective cohort studies were undertaken to address this knowledge gap on the association between EDC exposure and child health outcomes; including studies into asthma, neurobehavioral problems, thyroid dysfunction and obesity (17)(18)(19)(20). Given that epidemiologic studies depend upon appropriate and accurate measurement of EDC exposure, there has been increasing discussion regarding the design and use of various exposure assessment methods for these studies, particularly those that are appropriate for use in children (21,22).…”

Section: Pyrethroids and Organophosphatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing exposure of young children to common endocrine-disrupting chemicals in the home environment: a review and commentary of the questionnaire-based approach

English

Healy²,

Jagals³

et al. 2015

Reviews on Environmental Health

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AbstractAlthough infants and young children are particularly vulnerable to endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) exposure, there is an absence of comprehensive exposure data for this age group. As young children spend the majority of their time indoors, improved methods of exposure assessment are needed to characterise the health risks from exposures in the home environment. Biologic assessment, which has been considered the gold standard for exposure assessment in recent years, is difficult to conduct in young children. Questionnaires are an alternative and indirect method of predicting exposure, which may overcome some of the limitations of direct exposure assessment.The feasibility of using a questionnaire-based approach to predict exposure of young children to EDCs in the home has yet to be comprehensively reviewed. Moreover, there is no one questionnaire that has been validated for predicting the exposure of infants to common EDCs in the home.The aim of this review is to discuss the use and validation of the questionnaire-based approach to predict exposure of children to chemicals from three common classes of EDCs in the home, namely, plasticisers, flame retardants, and insecticides. We discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the questionnaire-based approach as well as the important pathways of exposure in the home environment, by which to guide the design and validation of future exposure questionnaires.The findings from our review indicate that the questionnaire-based approach is a valuable tool in the prediction of exposure to persistent organic pollutants, as well as to toxicants that have consistent patterns of exposure. With improvements to the design and validation process, the questionnaire-based approach may also prove to be a reliable instrument in predicting exposure to EDCs with short-half lives, including bisphenol A, phthalates, and pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides.

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“…The main source of flame retardants in humans is air (inhalation), dust, water, food, and for some person's exposure to the chemicals. More dangerous is exposure to FRs by young children who are less able to detoxification and elimination of environmental pollution from their organisms, which can lead to diseases in adulthood (Kim et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result of their exposure to a particular group of compounds many negative effects were observed such as thyroid dysfunction, changes in homeostasis, neurotoxicity, neurobehavioral and reproduction changes (including delayed puberty, reduced pregnancy, changes in menstruation), cancer (including breast cancer) and many others (Kim et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

UAE-SPE-UHPLC-UV Method for the Determination of Flame Retardants in Fish Tissues

Kowalski

Płaszczyk

2017

Food Anal. Methods

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Analytical method for the determination of four flame retardants (FRs) from two groups was proposed. These groups included the brominated flame retardants (BFRs) 3,3′,5,5′-tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and 1,2,5,6,9,10-hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD); triester organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs), ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDP) and triphenyl phosphate (TPhP). Reversed-phase Ultra HPLC with a UV detector, Hypersil GOLD chromatographic column and two-eluent gradient elution programme was used to obtain the best separations within the shortest possible time. UAE extraction with acetone, ethyl acetate and acetone/ethyl acetate (1:1, v/v) solvents was proposed. For the removal of fats, addition of sulphuric acid (VI) was conducted as well as solid-phase extraction (SPE) for the final clean-up of the extracts was used. The best recoveries were achieved with acetone/ethyl acetate (1:1, v/v) mixture of solvents and Bond Elut ENV column for SPE step gave the highest overall recoveries. Method detection limits (MDL) ranged from 0.05 to 0.39 μg g −1 and method quantification limits (MQL) ranged from 0.15 to 1.16 μg g −1 for all compounds.

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Health consequences of exposure to brominated flame retardants: A systematic review

Abstract: Although there is suggestive evidence that exposure to BFRs is harmful to health, further epidemiological investigations particularly among children, and long-term monitoring and surveillance of chemical impacts on humans are required to confirm these relationships.

Cited by 159 publications

References 77 publications

Biomonitoring of Danish school children and mothers including biomarkers of PBDE and glyphosate

Biomonitoring of Danish school children and mothers including biomarkers of PBDE and glyphosate

Assessing exposure of young children to common endocrine-disrupting chemicals in the home environment: a review and commentary of the questionnaire-based approach

UAE-SPE-UHPLC-UV Method for the Determination of Flame Retardants in Fish Tissues

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