“…They especially argue for research that examines the way "illegality" is a risk factor that interacts with other risk factors, including "including occupational hazards; risk of exposure to infectious disease; vulnerability to violence; poverty; discrimination; and structural, institutional, linguistic, and cultural obstacles to health care, among other factors e to put unauthorized im/migrants in positions of health-related disadvantage" (Willen et al, in press). Along these lines, Wolff et al (2005) found that low income, undocumented pregnant women in Geneva, Switzerland faced obstacles to medical services, including preventive care and cancer screening tests, a pattern also found for similar women in Southern California (Chavez, McMullin, & Hubbell, 2001). In addition, Buttenheim, Goldman, Pebley, Wong, and Chung (2010) argue that it is important to examine social diversity when considering health-related behavior of Mexican immigrants in the United States.…”