Health benefits of probiotics: are mixtures more effective than single strains?

Chapman, Caroline; Gibson, Glenn; Rowland, Ian

doi:10.1007/s00394-010-0166-z

Cited by 382 publications

(253 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The majority of probiotics currently used are members of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and, more specifically, strains from the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium are most commonly used in commercial probiotics. Mixtures of these strains are becoming increasingly popular as researchers gain a deeper understanding of increasing efficacy via possible additive or synergistic effects [124]. Rijkers et al categorised the benefit of probiotics into three levels based on location and method; (1) interference with the growth or survival of pathogenic microorganisms in the gut lumen, (2) improvement of mucosal barrier function or mucosal immune system and (3) influence beyond the gut through the systemic immune system and other organs [125].…”

Section: Modulation By Probioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial modulation of the gut microbiota

et al. 2014

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a b s t r a c tThe human gut microbiota comprises approximately 100 trillion microbial cells and has a significant effect on many aspects of human physiology including metabolism, nutrient absorption and immune function. Disruption of this population has been implicated in many conditions and diseases, including examples such as obesity, inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer that are highlighted in this review. A logical extension of these observations suggests that the manipulation of the gut microbiota can be employed to prevent or treat these conditions. Thus, here we highlight a variety of options, including the use of changes in diet (including the use of prebiotics), antimicrobial-based intervention, probiotics and faecal microbiota transplantation, and discuss their relative merits with respect to modulating the intestinal community in a beneficial way.

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Section: Modulation By Probioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial modulation of the gut microbiota

et al. 2014

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“…Pyruvate oxidation was used to assess the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), the enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of pyruvate and the provision of glucose-derived acetyl CoA to the TCA. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] C]-pyruvate oxidation was assessed in a similar manner to fatty acid oxidation with the exception that pyruvate was substituted for BSA-bound palmitic acid. All samples were run in triplicate and data were normalized to total protein content and expressed in nmol/mg protein/h.…”

Section: Serum Endotoxin Was Measured With a Pyrogenementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whether these effects are sustained during longer periods of consuming a high-fat diet is unknown. Importantly, probiotics may have strain-specific antiinflammatory effects (10), and probiotic mixtures may be more effective than single strains in modulating gut bacterial communities and improving immune function (11). In this regard, VSL#3, a commercial multispecies probiotic, has been reported to attenuate body weight gain, proinflammatory cytokines, and insulin resistance in mice fed a high-fat diet (12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotic supplementation attenuates increases in body mass and fat mass during high‐fat diet in healthy young adults

Osterberg

Boutagy

McMillan

et al. 2015

Obesity

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Objective: The objective was to determine the effects of the probiotic, VSL#3, on body and fat mass, insulin sensitivity, and skeletal muscle substrate oxidation following 4 weeks of a high-fat diet. Methods: Twenty non-obese males (18-30 years) participated in the study. Following a 2-week eucaloric control diet, participants underwent dual X-ray absorptiometry to determine body composition, an intravenous glucose tolerance test to determine insulin sensitivity, and a skeletal muscle biopsy for measurement of in vitro substrate oxidation. Subsequently, participants were randomized to receive either VSL#3 or placebo daily during 4 weeks of consuming a high-fat (55% fat), hypercaloric diet (11,000 kcal day 21). Participants repeated all measurements following the intervention. Results: Body mass (1.42 6 0.42 kg vs. 2.30 6 0.28 kg) and fat mass (0.63 6 0.09 kg vs. 1.29 6 0.27 kg) increased less following the high-fat diet in the VSL#3 group compared with placebo. However, there were no significant changes in insulin sensitivity or in vitro skeletal muscle pyruvate and fat oxidation with the high-fat diet or VSL#3. Conclusions: VSL#3 supplementation appears to have provided some protection from body mass gain and fat accumulation in healthy young men consuming a high-fat and high-energy diet.

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“…27 Although the majority of studies use single strains, supplementation with probiotic mixtures might have a greater efficacy. 28 Germ-free animals represent a unique tool to study the interactions of hosts with specific probiotic strains or with defined probiotic mixtures and to investigate their impacts on the development of the immune system. 6,29 Using a mouse model of allergic sensitization to the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1, we have previously shown that neonatal colonization of GF mice with Bifidobacterium longum is able to prevent allergic sensitization, 20 but the underlying mechanism of the host-bacteria interaction in gnotobiotic models is still far from being elucidated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colonization of germ-free mice with a mixture of three lactobacillus strains enhances the integrity of gut mucosa and ameliorates allergic sensitization

et al. 2015

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Increasing numbers of clinical trials and animal experiments have shown that probiotic bacteria are promising tools for allergy prevention. Here, we analyzed the immunomodulatory properties of three selected lactobacillus strains and the impact of their mixture on allergic sensitization to Bet v 1 using a gnotobiotic mouse model. We showed that Lactobacillus (L.) rhamnosus LOCK0900, L. rhamnosus LOCK0908 and L. casei LOCK0919 are recognized via Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) receptors and stimulate bone marrow-derived dendritic cells to produce cytokines in species-and strain-dependent manners. Colonization of germ-free (GF) mice with a mixture of all three strains (Lmix) improved the intestinal barrier by strengthening the apical junctional complexes of enterocytes and restoring the structures of microfilaments extending into the terminal web. Mice colonized with Lmix and sensitized to the Bet v 1 allergen showed significantly lower levels of allergen-specific IgE, IgG1 and IgG2a and an elevated total IgA level in the sera and intestinal lavages as well as an increased transforming growth factor (TGF)-b level compared with the sensitized GF mice. Splenocytes and mesenteric lymph node cells from the Lmix-colonized mice showed the significant upregulation of TGF-b after in vitro stimulation with Bet v 1. Our results show that Lmix colonization improved the gut epithelial barrier and reduced allergic sensitization to Bet v 1. Furthermore, these findings were accompanied by the increased production of circulating and secretory IgA and the regulatory cytokine TGF-b. Thus, this mixture of three lactobacillus strains shows potential for use in the prevention of increased gut permeability and the onset of allergies in humans. Cellular & Molecular Immunology

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Health benefits of probiotics: are mixtures more effective than single strains?

Cited by 382 publications

References 58 publications

Beneficial modulation of the gut microbiota

Beneficial modulation of the gut microbiota

Probiotic supplementation attenuates increases in body mass and fat mass during high‐fat diet in healthy young adults

Colonization of germ-free mice with a mixture of three lactobacillus strains enhances the integrity of gut mucosa and ameliorates allergic sensitization

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