Health Assessment and Diseases of the Weddell seal, Leptonochotes weddelli, in Vestfold Hills, East Antarctica

McFarlane, Rosemary

doi:10.1007/978-3-540-93923-8_9

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Future studies should focus on culture and definitive identification and characterization of circulating marine Brucella species, including the identification of genotype ST27, due to its public health relevance. Continuous effort on Brucella monitoring is necessary because of the wide range of susceptible hosts (Hernández‐Mora et al, ) and potential endemicity of some species, such as pinnipeds (McFarlane, ; Tryland, Sørensen, & Godfroid, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular, serological, pathological, immunohistochemical and microbiological investigation ofBrucellaspp. in marine mammals of Brazil reveals new cetacean hosts

Sánchez-Sarmiento

Carvalho

Díaz‐Delgado

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Brucella-exposure and infection is increasingly recognized in marine mammals worldwide. To better understand the epidemiology and health impacts of Brucella spp. in marine mammals of Brazil, molecular (conventional PCR and/or real-time PCR), serological (Rose Bengal Test [RBT], Competitive [c]ELISA, Serum Agglutination Test [SAT]), pathological, immunohistochemical (IHC) and/or microbiological investigations were conducted in samples of 129 stranded or by-caught marine mammals (orders Cetartiodactyla [n = 124], Carnivora [n = 4] and Sirenia [n = 1]). Previous serological tests performed on available sera of 27 of the 129 animals (26 cetaceans and one manatee), indicated 10 seropositive cetaceans. Conventional PCR and/or realtime PCR performed in cases with available organs (n = 119) and/or blood or swabs (n = 10) revealed 4/129 (3.1%) Brucella-infected cetaceans (one of them with positive serology; the remaining three with no available sera). Pathological, IHC and/or | 1675 SÁNCHEZ-SARMIENTO ET Al.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular, serological, pathological, immunohistochemical and microbiological investigation ofBrucellaspp. in marine mammals of Brazil reveals new cetacean hosts

Sánchez-Sarmiento

Carvalho

Díaz‐Delgado

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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“…In addition, a number of Antarctic marine mammals, such as seals and whales, may also have the potential to become infected and spread influenza viruses given the previous reports of their susceptibility to influenza infection (33, 34). Although three reported studies of seals ( n = 306) in Antarctica did not detect influenza viruses or antibodies (14, 35, 36), these animals appear to be susceptible to both avian and human influenza viruses, as their respiratory tracts contain both α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acid receptors (33). Seals have been infected with both AIV (33) and human influenza viruses (37), as well as infecting humans with an H7N7 virus following close experimental contact (38, 39).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Evolutionarily Distinct Avian Influenza A Viruses in Antarctica

Hurt

Vijaykrishna

Butler

et al. 2014

mBio

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Distinct lineages of avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are harbored by spatially segregated birds, yet significant surveillance gaps exist around the globe. Virtually nothing is known from the Antarctic. Using virus culture, molecular analysis, full genome sequencing, and serology of samples from Adélie penguins in Antarctica, we confirmed infection by H11N2 subtype AIVs. Their genetic segments were distinct from all known contemporary influenza viruses, including South American AIVs, suggesting spatial separation from other lineages. Only in the matrix and polymerase acidic gene phylogenies did the Antarctic sequences form a sister relationship to South American AIVs, whereas distant phylogenetic relationships were evident in all other gene segments. Interestingly, their neuraminidase genes formed a distant relationship to all avian and human influenza lineages, and the polymerase basic 1 and polymerase acidic formed a sister relationship to the equine H3N8 influenza virus lineage that emerged during 1963 and whose avian origins were previously unknown. We also estimated that each gene segment had diverged for 49 to 80 years from its most closely related sequences, highlighting a significant gap in our AIV knowledge in the region. We also show that the receptor binding properties of the H11N2 viruses are predominantly avian and that they were unable to replicate efficiently in experimentally inoculated ferrets, suggesting their continuous evolution in avian hosts. These findings add substantially to our understanding of both the ecology and the intra- and intercontinental movement of Antarctic AIVs and highlight the potential risk of an incursion of highly pathogenic AIVs into this fragile environment.

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“…might be present in other areas of the Southern Ocean, as already suggested (Retamal et al 2000;Jensen et al 2013). However, attempts to isolate the bacterium have so far not succeeded in Southern Ocean pinnipeds (Abalos et al 2009;McFarlane 2009). The lack of anti-Brucella antibodies in the present study could be due to a lack of exposure.…”

Section: Brucella Sppmentioning

confidence: 44%