Pathogen surveillance in Southern Ocean pinnipeds

Núñez-Egido, Sandra; Lowther, Andrew D.; Nymo, Ingebørg H.; Klein, Jörn; Breines, Eva Marie; Tryland, Morten

doi:10.33265/polar.v39.3841

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Infection due to viruses belonging to the genus Parapoxvirus of the family Poxviridae has been confirmed in the following wild and captive pinniped species: grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) (12,31), Mediterranean monk seals (Monachus monachus) (37), harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) (2,7,24), spotted seals (Phoca largha) (7), Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii) (38), Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella) (27), California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) (26), Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) (7), and Atlantic walruses (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) (32). Seal parapoxvirus (SPPV) was confirmed as a new species within the genus Parapoxvirus, according to the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses 10 th report (current report) on virus taxonomy (16).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

A new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serological diagnosis of seal parapoxvirus infection in marine mammals

Badr

Rahman

Ohno³

et al. 2022

Journal of Veterinary Research

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Introduction Seal parapoxvirus (SPPV) infection has been reported among pinnipeds in aquaria in Japan; however, its seroprevalence is unknown. Therefore, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for serological diagnosis of SPPV infection. Material and Methods The gene encoding the major envelope protein of SPPV was cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pAcGFP1-N1, which encodes the green fluorescence protein (GFP), thereby producing a fusion protein (Env-GFP). Parental and cloned vector DNA was independently transfected into cultured seal cells for the expression of GFP and Env-GFP. The wells of an ELISA plate were coated with either GFP- or Env-GFP-transfected cell lysates. The light absorbance of each serum sample was adjusted by subtracting the absorbance of GFP-coated wells from that of Env-GFP-coated wells. Sera from two spotted seals (Phoca largha), six beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas), three Pacific white-sided dolphins (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens), and ten bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from an aquarium in Japan were examined using the ELISA. Results Positive reactions were not observed, except in one preserved sample collected ten years ago from a naturally SPPV-infected spotted seal. Conclusion The established ELISA could be useful in screening marine mammal sera for anti-SPPV antibodies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

A new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serological diagnosis of seal parapoxvirus infection in marine mammals

Badr

Rahman

Ohno³

et al. 2022

Journal of Veterinary Research

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“…whales and dolphins) are used as food sources (Vail et al., 2020) and local communities are at risk of acquiring infection via ingestion of uncooked meat of marine mammals harboring T. gondii . Serological evidence of T. gondii infection in wild marine mammals has been reported in the Pacific Rim (Burgess et al., 2018), Southern Ocean (Núñez‐Egido et al., 2020), Philippine Islands (Obusan et al., 2019) and Sub‐Antarctic area (Michael et al., 2016), which raises concerns of the adverse impact of T. gondii infection on the health of marine mammals and humans. Previous studies have brought new insights to T. gondii epidemiology and its negative impact on wild marine mammals and public health, highlighting the need to generate more data and tools to understand the extent of and variables associated with T. gondii infection in wild marine animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review, meta‐analysis and meta‐regression of the global prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in wild marine mammals and associations with epidemiological variables

Gao

et al. 2022

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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Toxoplasma gondii infection in wild marine mammals is a growing problem and is associated with adverse impacts on marine animal and public health. This systematic review, meta‐analysis and meta‐regression estimates the global prevalence of T. gondii infection in wild marine mammals and analyses the association between T. gondii infection and epidemiological variables. PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang Data databases were searched until 30 May 2021. Eighty‐four studies (n = 14,931 wild marine mammals from 15 families) were identified from literature. The overall pooled prevalence of T. gondii infection was 22.44% [3848/14,931; 95% confidence interval (CI): 17.29–28.04]. The prevalence in adult animals 21.88% (798/3119; 95% CI: 13.40–31.59) was higher than in the younger age groups. North America had a higher prevalence 29.92% (2756/9243; 95% CI: 21.77–38.77) compared with other continents. At the country level, the highest prevalence was found in Spain 44.26% (19/88; 95%CI: 5.21–88.54). Regarding climatic variables, the highest prevalence was found in areas with a mean annual temperature >20°C 36.28% (171/562; 95% CI: 6.36–73.61) and areas with an annual precipitation > 800 mm 26.92% (1341/5042; 95% CI: 18.20–36.59). The subgroup and meta‐regression analyses showed that study‐level covariates, including age, country, continent, and mean temperature, partly explained the between‐study heterogeneity. Further studies are needed to investigate the source of terrestrial to aquatic dissemination of T. gondii oocysts, the fate of this parasite in marine habitat and its effects on wild marine mammals.

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Parapoxvirus Infections in Northern Species and Populations

Tryland

2022

Arctic One Health

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Pathogen surveillance in Southern Ocean pinnipeds

Cited by 4 publications

References 70 publications

A new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serological diagnosis of seal parapoxvirus infection in marine mammals

A new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serological diagnosis of seal parapoxvirus infection in marine mammals

A systematic review, meta‐analysis and meta‐regression of the global prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in wild marine mammals and associations with epidemiological variables

Parapoxvirus Infections in Northern Species and Populations

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