Health and nutritional properties of probiotics in fish and shellfish

Modulation of immunity and gut microbiota after dietary administration of alginate encapsulated Shewanella putrefaciens Pdp11 to gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.)

“…In the case of fish, the probiotic effect of strains of L. lactis have reported for farmed fish such olive flounder and Siberian sturgeon including interference with pathogens [78] and immunomodulatory effects [78,79], such as the increased phagocytic activity of the mucosal leukocytes [3]. Different strains of Lactobacillus and L. lactis showed the ability to inhibit the adhesion to intestinal mucus and activity against Vibrio species [80,81].…”

“…In our days, they are seen as an effective and sustainable strategy to prevent or combat fish diseases. In contrast, many adverse effects are known as a consequence of the arbitrary use of antibiotics in fish, a usual practice that not only leads to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria but also causes a strong environmental impacts [2,3]. Probiotics were initially defined as live microbial culture added to feed or to the water to increase viability (survival) of the fish [4].…”

Oral delivery of live yeast Debaryomyces hansenii modulates the main innate immune parameters and the expression of immune-relevant genes in the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.)

“…Several strategies in disease control have been proposed. Among them, the administration of probiotics (live microbial feed supplements) has appeared as a very promising biological control for aquaculture [4]. Their positive effects include the production of inhibitory compounds against pathogens, competition for nutrients and adhesion sites and the stimulation of both local and systemic immune responses [5].…”

Effect of <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> CLFP 100 and<i> Leuconostoc mesenteroides</i> CLFP 196 on <i>Aeromonas salmonicida </i>Infection in Brown Trout <i>(Salmo trutta)</i>

“…In particular, L. lactis CLFP 100 and Leuc. mesenteroides CLFP 196 meet the definition of probiotics because their addition can modify the composition of the associated microbiota, thereby providing protection against pathogenic bacteria [Balcázar et al, 2006b]. …”