Health and Environment in Aquaculture

Abstract

where he also coordinates a research group in the Graduate Program focusing on ecology and fish biology, and aquaculture research Furthermore, Dr. Carvalho teaches Cell Biology for undergraduate courses. He is national and international referee of scientific journals. This extensive research activity has resulted in scientific publications, including scientific articles, reports and book chapters in the field of Inland Fishery Resources, focusing on topics such as freshwater fish breeding, fish fauna of reservoirs, fish parasitology, limnology, fish restocking, and environmental impacts on inland aquatic environments. PrefaceAquaculture is a modality of food production that has been experiencing continuous expansion in many countries worldwide. This expansion brings the challenge of developing reliable tools for disease control, to assure high productivity of healthy seafood. The increase of farmed fish production raises the issue of achieving a sustainable and environmental friendly aquaculture. The adoption of best management practices in the whole production chain, based on "state of the art" scientific knowledge, is the key for sustainable health management. In this book, experts from several countries bring updated information about some of the main health issues that currently affects aquaculture. Topics concerning pathogens, antibiotics, probiotics, cell biology, ecological interactions, and safety are included in the six sections of this book.The first section is entitled as "Parasitic diseases", addressing issues and impacts of parasites upon aquaculture. The first chapter is the "Transmission biology of the myxozoa", which explains about the diseases that some myxozoans cause in marine and freshwater fish, and how they can be a problem for aquaculture and fishery industries. It also elucidates the life cycle of myxozoans, that involves invertebrates, and a vertebrate host that is typically a fish. However, there are no commercially available chemotherapeutants and vaccines to treat myxozoan infections. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the transmission biology of myxozoans, which would be useful for designing management strategies for related diseases. The second chapter is "Metazoan parasites of cultured European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax (Linneaus 1758) from Corsica". It is a study relating that parasitic infections and associated diseases have emerged in aquaculture systems in many regions of Europe, resulting in significant economical losses. This study points out that wild fish are believed to be the primary reservoirs of parasite infection for fish farmed in cages, and environmental conditions in culture systems may favor disease transmission, threatening production activity. In this sense, it is considered that animals reared in sea-cages are exposed to a large number of parasitic agents. The third chapter is "Parasitic diseases in cultured marine fish in Northwest Mexico". This chapter summarizes the main parasitic diseases that affect marine fish species with aquaculture poten...

New host records and a checklist of fishes infected with Austrodiplostomum compactum (Digenea: Diplostomidae) in Brazil

“…According to Berrie (1960), Diplostomum cercariae emerge in waters only at temperatures greater than 10 °C. Despite the high water temperature observed in the current study location (CARVALHO et al, 2012a), which may lead to a high intensity of infection, the values of water transparency, conductivity and chlorophyll a (Table 1), suggest a small quantity of available nutrients in the local aquatic ecosystem. This can limit the size of the snail populations (first intermediate hosts), leading to the low values observed for the prevalence, mean intensity of infection and mean abundance for the majority fish species analysed.…”

Pathogenicity and antibiotic susceptibility of two bacterial pathogens associated with the clam Tapes decussatus in some Egyptian fisheries

“…Intensive aquaculture applications have promoted the growth of several bacterial diseases and consequently increased the need for appropriate microbial control methods (Carvalho et al, 2012;Romero et al, 2012). Vaccination was suggested as an ideal method for preventing infectious diseases in the aquaculture field (Deep et al, 2011).…”

Characterization of the Bacteriophage vB_VorS-PVo5 Infection on Vibrio ordalii: A Model for Phage-Bacteria Adsorption in Aquatic Environments

“…Félix d'Herelle discovered bacteriophages in 1917 and immediately visualized their potential to control bacterial diseases (D'Herelle, 1917). Nowadays, due to the excessive use of antibiotics (Blazquez et al, 2002;Harbottle et al, 2006;Madhusudana Rao and Lalitha, 2015), the strategy of using lytic bacteriophages as antimicrobial agents, has become an interesting alternative for controlling bacterial infections (Matsuzaki et al, 2005;Almeida et al, 2009;Carvalho et al, 2012;Verbeken et al, 2014;Keen and Adhya, 2015;Kutter et al, 2015;Sarhan and Azzazy, 2015). The main advantages of bacteriophage usage are their high specificity (even at strain level), infective ability, and their exponential growth curve in the presence of a target bacteria, with a higher efficiency than antibiotics (Levin and Bull, 1996).…”