Health and diet in 19th-century America: A food historian’s point of view

Ross, Alice

doi:10.1007/bf03374172

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In the early 1800s, rural populations were more well‐nourished, due to their greater access to fresh foods. As the century wore on, industry and transportation made commercial products more widely available and increased urban access to fresh fruits and vegetables (Ross, 1993; cf. Saunders et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Auditing process safety management in four levels

Sepeda¹

2009

Process Safety Progress

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An audit must have a defined structure, an understood purpose, and enough details to assure completeness. It should be divided into discrete levels with specific topics so that the auditor can fully identify and understand the degree to which each facility or company complies with the requirements. Each of these levels should also be designed to analyze different types of information, implementation actions, and infrastructure. This article proposes and discusses a four‐level approach to conduct a comprehensive and complete audit. The four levels are as follows: Recognition and acknowledgment of the need to comply with a specific set of rules or regulations, An implementation strategy and infrastructure, Evidence of compliance, and Quality assessments. The content and purpose of each level as well as the interaction between levels is discussed and explained in this article. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2009

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Saunders et al, 2002). Urban dwellers gained access to a wider variety of foods (Ross, 1993). This may have been a particularly important shift to the residents of the CHM, since 25 (50%) of these men listed their occupation as farmer, rancher, cattleman, or stockman (Dockall et al, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auditing process safety management in four levels

Sepeda¹

2009

Process Safety Progress

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Section: Diet Hygiene and Dental Care In The Civil War Through Postmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the early 1800s, rural populations were more well-nourished, due to their greater access to fresh foods. As the century wore on, industry and transportation made commercial products more widely available and increased urban access to fresh fruits and vegetables (Ross, 1993;cf. Saunders et al, 2002).…”

Section: Diet Hygiene and Dental Care In The Civil War Through Postmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dental health of elderly confederate veterans: Evidence from the Texas State Cemetery

Wols

Baker

2003

American J Phys Anthropol

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Analysis of the skeletal remains of 50 Confederate veterans provided a unique opportunity to explore the dental health of a geriatric sample. These men, who died between 1907-1932, had an average age at death of 76.7 years. Ninety percent were institutionalized at the Confederate Home for Men (Austin, TX) prior to their deaths. This elderly sample was assessed in terms of caries, antemortem tooth loss (AMTL), abscesses, and linear enamel hypoplasias. On a per tooth basis, the AMTL rate was 57.2%. Of 39 dentate men, 33 (84.6%) had dental caries, and 24.4% (121 of 496) of teeth were carious. Ten (25.0%) of the dentate men had hypoplastic teeth. At least one abscess was seen in 14 (28%) of 50 individuals. Results from this geriatric institutionalized sample are compared to contemporaneous historical samples. Disparities in dental health among these groups may be due to differences in average age at death, and these comparisons allow a better understanding of dental changes that occur with age. The sample is also compared to modern elderly samples: modern groups have higher caries rates, possibly because they retained more teeth. This finding may be due in part to diets in the United States becoming increasingly cariogenic over time. In addition, dental care has moved from the reactive practices seen in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries (such as tooth extractions) to modern proactive solutions dedicated to preserving and restoring teeth (such as tooth brushing, fluoride treatments, and dental fillings).

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“…Asian food traditions did not yet have a significant effect on northeastern foodways. There were regional differences, such as a taste for muskrat seen in some Delaware faunal assemblages, but general foodways were fairly standard throughout the Northeast, and the regional variations that did exist did not significantly affect the types of vessels used in food preparation, storage, and consumption (Beard 1972;Jones 1975;Ross 1993;Comer 2000). The new food products that were introduced before about 1875 generally did not require new methods of preparation (see Pipes and Janowitz, this volume).…”

Section: Red Earthenwares In Foodwaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decline in the Use and Production of Red-Earthenware Cooking Vessels in the Northeast, 1780-1880

Janowitz

2013

NEHA

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Health and diet in 19th-century America: A food historian’s point of view

Cited by 14 publications

References 3 publications

Auditing process safety management in four levels

Auditing process safety management in four levels

Dental health of elderly confederate veterans: Evidence from the Texas State Cemetery

Decline in the Use and Production of Red-Earthenware Cooking Vessels in the Northeast, 1780-1880

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