Headspace analysis of volatile flower scent constituents of bat-pollinated plants

Bestmann, Hans Jürgen; Winkler, L.; Helversen, Otto von

doi:10.1016/s0031-9422(97)80004-0

Cited by 66 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Alternatively, the compound may be effective for attraction of small mammals because it is indicative of certain foods. Interestingly, although 3-hexanone is not a component of most floral scents [3], it occurs in the scents of a variety of neotropical bat-pollinated species, including as a major component of members of the Bromeliaceae and Bignoniaceae [12] and as a minor component of members of the Amaryllidaceae [12] and Cactaceae [33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mammal pollinators lured by the scent of a parasitic plant

et al. 2011

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To communicate with animals, plants use signals that are distinct from their surroundings. Animals generally learn to use these signals through associative conditioning; however, signals are most effective when they elicit innate behavioural responses. Many plant species have flowers specialized for pollination by ground-dwelling mammals, but the signals used to attract these pollinators have not been elucidated. Here, we demonstrate the chemical basis for attraction of mammal pollinators to flowers of the dioecious parasitic plant Cytinus visseri (Cytinaceae). Two aliphatic ketones dominate the scent of this species; 3-hexanone, which elicits strong innate attraction in rodents, and 1-hexen-3-one, which repels them in isolation, but not in combination with 3-hexanone. The aliphatic ketone-dominated scent of C. visseri contrasts with those of insect-pollinated plants, which are typically dominated by terpenoids, aromatic or non-ketone aliphatic compounds. 3-hexanone is also known from some bat-pollinated species, suggesting independent evolution of plant signals in derived, highly specialized mammal-pollination systems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mammal pollinators lured by the scent of a parasitic plant

et al. 2011

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“…Various terpenes were identified in the blooming flowers and reached their highest contents in the 50% flowering stage (Table 2). Bestmann et al (1997) showed that limonene and the α-terpenes were the monoterpenes typically found in flowers, while eucalyptol and caryophyllene were the highest oxyterpene and sesquiterpene respectively.…”

Section: Changes In Volatile Compounds In Different Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Volatile Profiles and Activity of Hydroperoxide Lyase and Alcohol Dehydrogenase During the Development of Cabernet Sauvignon Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.)

OuYang

Gao

et al. 2015

SAJEV

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In this study we focused on the development of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes and investigated changes in the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and hydroperoxide lyase (HPL) in different tissues. We sampled grape skin at four, six, seven, eight, nine, 10, 12, 14 and 16 weeks after anthesis; developing flowers when blooming at 0%, 5%, 50%, and 90%; and leaves at two and four weeks before anthesis and at two, four, six, eight, nine, and 10 weeks after anthesis. We also examined the type and fluctuation of volatile contents. ADH activity increased with the development of flowers and grape skins, which led to the increasing of types and concentration of alcohols. Low levels of 9-HPL led to low concentrations of C9 compounds. According to this paper, C6 compounds became abundant with the development of grape berries, while the activity of 13-HPL kept at a low level in the flowers and grape skins. There might have been a high level of 13-HPL activity from the end of flowering until fruit setting that we did not detect. Furthermore, similar C6 and C5 compounds were detected across all tissues, including hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexenal, (Z)-2-penten-1-ol, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, 1-hexanol and 3-hexen-1-ol. Generally speaking, the concentrations of C6 and C5 compounds could be used as the criterion of maturation of the three grape tissues.

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“…Large flowers, high nectar production, nocturnal flowering and an unpleasant, garlic-like smell are common adaptations Werauhia gladioliflora shares with many chiropterophilous plants (Bestmann et al 1997, Tschapka & Dressler 2002, Vogel 1969, von Helversen 1993. It is also noteworthy that all flowers in an inflorescence of Werauhia gladioliflora open in the same direction, in spite of initial bud formation on the inflorescence in two rows, facing opposite directions.…”

Section: Structural Adaptations Of the Inflorescence To Bat Pollinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenology, nectar production and visitation behaviour of bats on the flowers of the bromeliad Werauhia gladioliflora in a Costa Rican lowland rain forest

Tschapka

Helversen²

2007

J. Trop. Ecol.

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Abstract:We studied the interaction between the bromeliad Werauhia gladioliflora and its flower visitors in the Caribbean lowland forest of Costa Rica, in order to quantify the mutual benefits to both partners. Over 6 y, the bromeliads flowered mainly between October and December; with an individual inflorescence flowering for an average of 34 d (n = 233 inflorescences). The bromeliad showed a flexible breeding system with autogamy occurring in addition to cross-pollination. Exclusive pollinators were small nectar-feeding bats (Phyllostomidae: Glossophaginae). The average volume of nectar produced per flower was 1.1 ml (n = 25 flowers). The main visitor was the bat Glossophaga commissarisi, which approached the flowers exclusively using hovering flight. Visitation by bats, measured by infrared light sensors, occurred throughout the night with an activity peak after midnight. Median hovering duration of the bats at the flowers was 320 ms (n = 1246 visits). Hourly mean of hovering duration was negatively correlated with hourly nectar secretion rate. The flower visitation behaviour of a bat over the night seems to be shaped by a combination of intrinsic physiological factors and by nectar availability. Size of both flowers and visitors make Werauhia gladioliflora a very accessible system for quantification of factors affecting evolution of bat-plant interactions.

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Headspace analysis of volatile flower scent constituents of bat-pollinated plants

Cited by 66 publications

References 4 publications

Mammal pollinators lured by the scent of a parasitic plant

Mammal pollinators lured by the scent of a parasitic plant

Changes in Volatile Profiles and Activity of Hydroperoxide Lyase and Alcohol Dehydrogenase During the Development of Cabernet Sauvignon Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.)

Phenology, nectar production and visitation behaviour of bats on the flowers of the bromeliad Werauhia gladioliflora in a Costa Rican lowland rain forest

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