Headache and Bruxing Behavior Types in Craniomandibular Disorders (Cmds) Patients

Abstract

Objective. Assess headache and bruxism in Craniomandibular Disorders (CMDs) and non CMDs patients. Method. Clinical examination, questionnaires, headache criteria, severity of bruxism. Results. The prevalence of headache was 68.3% in the CMDs group and 51.4% in the non-CMDs group (p<0.04).Tension type (TTH)=52.8% and combination headaches=25.2% predominated in CMDs. Migraine was more prevalent in Non-CMDs (21.1%) than in CMDs subjects (11.4%). Severe bruxism predominated in the headache/CMDs group=35% as compared to the non-headache/ CMDs group=21%, (p=0.08). We found a frequency of 29.3% extreme bruxism in the headache group and 7% in the non-headache group (p><0.0005). The frequencies of mild/moderate bruxism were about 28% in the TTH, 44.8% in the “other headaches” and 72% in the non-headache/CMDs groups. The frequencies of severe/extreme bruxism were 72.3% in the TTH, 55.2% in the “Other headaches”, and 28% in the non- headache/CMDs groups(p=0.0001). Conclusion. Headache, TTH and combination headache were common in the CMDs group. Severe and extreme bruxism were more prevalent in the headache /CMDs group than in the “other headaches” and in the non/headache CMDs groups. Severe and extreme bruxism were more frequent in the TTH/CMDs group.>

Association Between Tension‐Type Headache and Migraine With Sleep Bruxism: A Systematic Review

“…The findings reported by Troeltzsch et al 6 and Fernandes et al 7 agree with previous studies that tried to demonstrate the association between headaches and SB. [13][14][15][17][18][19][20][21][22]29,32,38,39 Also, the reported OR in both studies was closer OR values from Carra et al 18 (4.3). However, this study 18 was excluded because it did not meet the minimum criteria for SB and for headache diagnosis.…”

“…Summary of Evidence.-In this systematic review, we investigated the potential association between TTH and migraine with SB. Several studies have suggested this association, but most them did not classify the headaches.. 13,14,[18][19][20]22,[29][30][31][32][33][34] This predicated association between headaches and SB is probably one of the most debated issues concerning SB effects. Although the first studies supporting this argument date back to more than 50 years ago, [35][36][37] conclusive evidence has yet to be found.…”

“…Unfortunately, most of the studies preselected were later excluded because they did not meet the minimum criteria for SB diagnosis, [13][14][15][17][18][19][20][21][22][29][30][31][32] and/or headache diagnosis. 13,14,[18][19][20]22,[29][30][31][32][33][34] The most striking limitations of these studies are represented by the subjectivity of the self-report diagnosis of headaches and/or bruxism, and by the lack of information on whether they are studying sleep or awake bruxism. In this regard, it is frustrating that a consensus is still missing regarding a definition and a diagnostic grading system for bruxism, bearing in mind that this is a prerequisite for evidence-based practice management.…”

“…11 The association between SB and headaches has been discussed in both children [13][14][15][16][17][18] and adults. 6,7,[19][20][21][22] Although several studies suggested a possible association, no systematic analysis of the available published studies exists to evaluate the quantity, quality, and risk of bias among those studies. Therefore, the main goal of this systematic review is to evaluate and synthesize the possible association between the most common primary headaches disorders (TTH and migraine) with SB.…”

Is there a relationship between psychological factors and TMD?

“…Co-morbidity factors associated with TMD are as follows: psychological (stress, anxiety, tension), structural (occlusion), repetitive microtrauma from parafunctional habits (both bite and nonbite related), and external traumas (Manfredino, Bandethini, & Cantini, 2009;Manfredini & Lobbezoo, 2009;Molina, Peixoto, & Manzutti Eid, 2011). Several studies of general pain, as well as TMD, have indicated an association with psychosomatic and/or psychosocial aspects (De Leeuw et al, 1994;Dworkin, 2010;Ivkovic, Mladenovic, Petkovic, & Stojic, 2008;Suvinen, Reade, Sunden, Gerschman, & Koukounas, 1997a, 1997b.…”