Head-Neck Kinematics in Dynamic Forward Flexion

Deng, Bing; Melvin, John W.; Rouhana, Stephen W.

doi:10.4271/983156

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 9 publications

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“…2,3,5,9,11,12,15,16,19,30,37,43,45,51,55,56,58 Of the multitude of human volunteer sled test series, few have examined the effects of bracing. 3,5,15,[30][31][32]37,45 The vast majority of studies examining the effects of muscle tension focus on either rear-end impacts or whiplash events, 11,12,43,48,[51][52][53]56 the response of the head and neck complex, 9,45,[58][59][60] or the response of the head and spine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Bracing on Human Kinematics in Low-Speed Frontal Sled Tests

et al. 2011

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Continued development of computational models and biofidelic anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs) necessitates further analysis of the effects of bracing on an occupant's biomechanical response in automobile collisions. A total of 20 dynamic sled tests were performed, 10 low (2.5 g, Δv = 4.8 kph) and 10 medium severity (5.0 g, Δv = 9.7 kph), with five male human volunteers of approximately 50th percentile male height and weight. Each volunteer was exposed to two impulses at each severity, one relaxed and one braced prior to the impulse. A Vicon motion analysis system, 12 MX-T20 2 megapixel cameras, was used to quantify subject 3D kinematics (±1 mm) (1 kHz). Excursions of select anatomical regions were normalized to their respective initial positions and compared by test condition. At the low severity, bracing significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the forward excursion of the knees, hips, elbows, shoulders, and head (average 35-70%). At the medium severity, bracing significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the forward excursion of the elbows, shoulders, and head (average 36-69%). Although not significant, bracing at the medium severity considerably reduced the forward excursion of the knees and hips (average 18-26%). This study illustrates that bracing has a significant influence on the biomechanical response of human occupants in frontal sled tests and provides novel biomechanical data that can be used to refine and validate computational models and ATDs used to assess injury risk in automotive collisions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Bracing on Human Kinematics in Low-Speed Frontal Sled Tests

et al. 2011

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Occupant kinematics in low-speed frontal sled tests: Human volunteers, Hybrid III ATD, and PMHS

Beeman

Kemper

Madigan

et al. 2012

Accident Analysis & Prevention

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Constant Force Restraints for Frontal Collisions

Paulitz

Blackketter

Rink

2006

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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This paper presents a model demonstrating the concept of a constant force restraint (CFR) system for frontal collisions. A three-bodied dynamic model of a 50th percentile anthropometric test dummy (ATD) in a 35 mile/h frontal collision was made using Lagrangian dynamics and verified with test data from the NHTSA. The model was used to compare visco-elastic and constant force seatbelt models in a 1998 Chevy Malibu. The viscoelastic seatbelt simulation was able to reproduce accurately the shape and magnitude of pelvis, chest, and head accelerations when compared to test data. The constant force seatbelt simulation showed reductions in pelvis, chest, and head accelerations by 56, 62, and 63 per cent respectively. The peak lap belt force was reduced by 60 per cent. Relative head rotation was reduced by 16°. A CFR system has the potential to reduce the risk of injury significantly by reducing forces and accelerations on the occupant. These results show great potential to reduce head injury criteria and could be applied to adaptive restraint systems by tuning the CFR to the occupant and crash.

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Head-Neck Kinematics in Dynamic Forward Flexion

Cited by 7 publications

References 9 publications

Effects of Bracing on Human Kinematics in Low-Speed Frontal Sled Tests

Effects of Bracing on Human Kinematics in Low-Speed Frontal Sled Tests

Occupant kinematics in low-speed frontal sled tests: Human volunteers, Hybrid III ATD, and PMHS

Constant Force Restraints for Frontal Collisions

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