HBV Infection in Hemodialysis Patients: Monitoring and Prevention

Carletti, P; Bibiano, L.; Boggi, R.; Bordoni, E.; Ricciatti, A. M.; Bella, Silvia Della; Pauri, P.; Salvoni, G.; Mioli, V

doi:10.1159/000186901

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…As far as seroprotection rate is concerned, the seropro tection rate afforded by us after the third vaccine dose (67%) is in keeping with other studies which used a simi lar vaccine schedule [24][25][26], and it is lower than the response rates obtained by other investigators who used a larger amount of vaccine [12], Among the responders of our population, 57% (45/79) were high responders at month 4, which allowed the antibody response to persist: at month 24, 76%(39/51)ofpatientsavailablc forevalua tion maintained protective levels of anti-HBs, 46% (18/ 39) of them being high responders.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…The prevalence of previous HBV infection in HD subjects was 40%, such prevalence was 23 and 37%, respectively, in the Italian population [23] and in Italian HD subjects [24], In Japa nese HD patients it was 37% [4] and in HD subjects from the USA 50% [25], We did not observe any correlation between the prevalence of past HBV infection and the examined factors; the prevalence of persistent HBV infec tion is partially related only with the length of time on HD. The most likely explanation that can be put forward is a cohort effect, as periodic HBsAg testing and isolation of chronic HBsAg carriers were made mandatory over 10 years before this study in our unit.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recombinant Hepatitis B Vaccine Use in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients

Fabrizi

Filippo

Marcelli

et al. 1996

Nephron

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The prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in our unit was 45% (86/190): there were 77 (40.5%) and 9 (4.7%) patients with previous and persistent HBV infection, respectively. Recombinant hepatitis B vaccine was given to 118 chronic HD patients with a regimen of 3 double doses administered intramuscularly at 0, 1 and 2 months, obtaining a seroprotection rate of 67% (79/118), 57% (45/79) being high responders. At month 24, 78% (40/51) maintained protective levels of anti-HBs, 45% (18/40) of them being high responders. There was a statistically significant difference between responder and non-responder patients with regard to nutritional parameters such as serum total proteins and mean levels of transferrinemia. The number of diabetic patients was significantly increased in the nonresponder group. Patients with persistent antibodies (‘persistent responders’) were younger and had a shorter duration of HD treatment compared to those responders who rapidly lost anti-HBs (‘transient responders’). Serological positivity for antibodies against hepatitis B core antigen significantly facilitates the decrease of anti-HBs antibodies over time. We detected seven episodes of HBV infection among HD patients at our unit before the beginning of the vaccination program. On the contrary, there were no episodes of HBV infection among responder vaccinees during the 24-month follow-up period. After the initial cost of vaccination, a savings of US$ 3,272 per year was realized by the elimination of frequent serologic screening of vaccine responders.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recombinant Hepatitis B Vaccine Use in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients

Fabrizi

Filippo

Marcelli

et al. 1996

Nephron

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“…Patients on maintenance hemodialysis represent a risk group for hepatitis virus infections and the prevalence of these infections is higher than in the general population [Theilmann et al, 1988;Carletti et al, 1992;Rivanera et al, 1993;Fabrizi et al, 1997;Sampietro et al, 1997;Sheng et al, 1998;Utsunomiya et al, 1999;Yuki et al, 1999]. This fact has been attributed to blood transfusions, especially in patients transfused before 1990 and to nosocomial transmission in dialysis units [Roll et al, 1995;Norder et al, 1998].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of the most common viral infections are caused by hepatotropic or other hepatitisassociated viruses such as hepatitis B virus (HBV) [Theilmann et al, 1988;Carletti et al, 1992] hepatitis C virus (HCV) [Rivanera et al, 1993;Fabrizi et al, 1997], GB virus C/hepatitis G virus (GBV-C/HGV) [Sampietro et al, 1997;Sheng et al, 1998] and TT virus (TTV) [Okamoto et al, 1998;Utsunomiya et al, 1999;Yuki et al, 1999].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, GB virus C/hepatitis G and TT viruses in predialysis and hemodialysis patients

et al. 2001

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Patients with chronic renal failure on hemodialysis have a high risk of infections with viruses such as hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), GB virus C/hepatitis G (GBV-C/HGV) and TT (TTV) viruses. The prevalence of HBV, HCV, GBV-C/HGV and TTV in patients with chronic renal failure who are on conservative management before entering into a hemodialysis program (predialysis) in comparison with hemodialyzed patients was studied to elucidate whether the high prevalence of these viruses is influenced by that observed in the predialysis stage. The presence of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg), HCV RNA, GBV-C/HGV RNA and TTV DNA was analyzed in sera from 80 patients with chronic renal failure (35 on predialysis and 45 on hemodialysis). HBsAg, HCV RNA, GBV-C/HGV RNA and TTV DNA were detected in one (2.8%), six (17.1%), eight (22.5%) and 16 (45.7%) of the 35 patients on predialysis. Two (5.7%) of these patients were coinfected with HCV and GBV-C/HGV, whereas six (17.1%) had GBV-C/HGV and TTV coinfection. In the 45 hemodialyzed patients, HBsAg, HCV RNA, GBV-C/HGV RNA and TTV DNA were detected in one (2.2%), two (4.4%), seven (15.5%) and 26 (57.7%). One (2.2%) patient had HBV and TTV coinfection, two (4.4%) HCV and TTV coinfection whereas four (8.8%) were coinfected with GBV-C/HGV and TTV. No differences regarding age, gender, previous surgery and number of transfusions were found between infected and uninfected patients within and between both groups. In conclusion, the prevalence of the viruses studied in predialysis may influence their prevalence in dialysis units.

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“…3 Several other studies have revealed increased incidence of hepatic functional derangements in Hepatitis B and C infection in the form of elevated ALT and AST levels in patients on hemodialysis. The present study was designed to examine the prevalence of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C in relation to duration of dialysis, to study the seroconversion from negative to positive in patients on chronic hemodialysis and to find out the incidence of liver function derangements in patients with Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Prevalence, Seroconversion and Risk Factors of Hepatitis B and C Infection in Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis

Makkar¹,

Gupta²,

Bansal³

et al. 2014

jemds

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BACKGROUND: HBV and HCV infections pose a great threat to patients on hemodialysis and studies have been conducted regarding the prevalence and seroconversion rates. The present study was conducted to demonstrate the prevalence and seroconversion rate in patients with chronic hemodialysis and also the incidence of liver function derangement in patients with Hepatitis B and C. METHODS: HBV and HCV status of patients who were on hemodialysis irrespective of serological status and etiology of renal failure were observed. 205 patients were followed up for a period of one year and the incidence, prevalence and seroconversion of HBV and HCV was estimated through HbsAg and Anti-HCV ELISA tests. T-test was used to compare different biochemical and other parameters among two groups (Reactive and Non-reactive). Linear regression was used to calculate the relationship between the parameters and seroconversion rates. RESULTS: 205 patients were observed in the study. The prevalence and seroconversion rates were 11.22% and 4.8% in HBV patients and 18.54% and 6.8% in HCV patients respectively, at the end of the study. There was a significant correlation of the prevalence with average number of blood transfusion and elevated ALT levels in HbsAg reactive patients. Additionally, anti-HCV reactive patients correlated significantly with average number of blood transfusion and elevated ALT levels. There was significant correlation with mean duration of haemodialysis and i.v drug abuse in anti-HCV reactive patients. Regarding the seroconversion status only the average number of blood transfusions was having a significant correlation in both HbsAg and anti-HCV reactive patients. CONCLUSION: The prevalence and seroconversion rates were 11.22% and 4.8% in HBV patients and 18.54% and 6.8% in HCV patients respectively. Safety can be improved with the availability of more sensitive tests, increasing use of erythropoietin, timely vaccination for hepatitis B and adopting universal precautions.

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HBV Infection in Hemodialysis Patients: Monitoring and Prevention

Cited by 13 publications

References 6 publications

Recombinant Hepatitis B Vaccine Use in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients

Recombinant Hepatitis B Vaccine Use in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients

Prevalence of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, GB virus C/hepatitis G and TT viruses in predialysis and hemodialysis patients

Prevalence, Seroconversion and Risk Factors of Hepatitis B and C Infection in Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis

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