Hazards of the Menstrual Cycle

Mackinnon, P. C. B.; MacKinnon, I. L.

doi:10.1136/bmj.1.4966.555

Cited by 64 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…2 gives the time of admissions of 36 attempted suicides and shows a relative incidence rate during menstruation of 2.75 or 39%. This figure of 39% of attempted suicides during menstruation compares with the figure of 36% reported by Heller in 1900, 22%by Ollerdorf in 1905, and 33% by Slavik in 1910 (quoted by Gregory, 1957, and supports the findings of MacKinnon and MacKinnon (1956) that successful suicides seem commoner during the luteal phase. Figs.…”

supporting

confidence: 83%

Menstruation and Acute Psychiatric Illnesses

Dalton¹

1959

BMJ

168

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This investigation was undertaken to determine whether acute psychiatric admissions to hospital were in any way influenced by the premenstruum or by menstruation. For many years it has been believed that psychiatric illness was apt to exacerbate at the time of the menstrual period, and in this paper an attempt is made to determine if such a relationship exists. It has been prompted by the recognition of the premenstrual syndrome and its successful treatment (Greene and Dalton, 1953).As there are many ways in which the acutely ill can be admitted to hospital it was decided to examine admission records of two large mental hospitals (2,470 and 2,290 beds) and the mental observation ward of a London teaching hospital, and to confine the investigation to those patients whose illness was so acute that immediate admission was sought. This meant that patients who were admitted when a bed vacancy occurred were excluded, as were those admitted through an out-patient clinic. By this means the investigation was restricted to those whose admission was obtained because of the acuteness of their illness at the time of admission.The sister in charge of admissions recorded the date of the patient's last menstrual period at the time of her admission. The data were obtained from statements of patients suffering from a variety of psychiatric illnesses and excluding those too ill to give reliable information. All patients with amenorrhoea exceeding 28 days were excluded.Results For the interpretation of results the 28 days of the menstrual cycle were divided into seven four-day periods, in which days 1-4 corresponded to menstruation, days 13-16 covered ovulation, and days 25-28 the premenstruum. It was recognized that menstruation may exceed four days, but the full menstrual flow with relief of water retention usually occurs during the first four days. The relative incidence rate represents the number of actual admissions during a four-day period compared with the expected number of admissions during a four-day period (or one-seventh of total admissions). Fig. 1 gives the time in the menstrual cycle of psychiatric admissions for 276 patients and shows that the expected rate of admissions is doubled during menstruation. Fig. 2 gives the time of admissions of 36 attempted suicides and shows a relative incidence rate during menstruation of 2.75 or 39%. This figure of 39% of attempted suicides during menstruation compares with the figure of 36% reported by Heller in 1900, 22%by Ollerdorf in 1905, and 33% by Slavik in 1910 (quoted by Gregory, 1957, and supports the findings of MacKinnon and MacKinnon (1956) that successful suicides seem commoner during the luteal phase. Figs. 3 and 4 show that admissions during menstruation are greatly increased both for 185 patients with depression and for 114 patients with schizophrenia.The influence of menstruation on psychiatric admissions was evenly distributed among single, married, and widowed; among nulliparous and multiparous; and among those admitted for first and for recurrent attacks. The...

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supporting

confidence: 83%

Menstruation and Acute Psychiatric Illnesses

Dalton¹

1959

BMJ

168

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“…MacKinnon and MacKinnon (1956) reported that, in a series of 47 post-mortem examinations on women of reproductive age, death was found to have occurred in 45 cases during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. In the last two years 55 post-mortem examinations have been added to the series, and in these also the great majority of deaths occurred during the luteum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lethal Hazards of the Luteal Phase of the Menstrual Cycle

MacKinnon¹,

Mackinnon²,

Thomson³

1959

BMJ

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“…If, however, the necessary comparison is made between the age distributions of my practice and the depressed patients ( Fig. 1) MacKinnon, 1956), as are also psychiatric illnesses (Dalton, 1959), including depression and anxiety (Coppen, 1965 (Taylor and Chave, 1964;Hare and Shaw, 1965). There was no evidence that caring for a large family predisposed a mother to a depressive illness.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Patients Studiedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depressive Illness in a General Practice. A Demographic Study and a Controlled Trial of Imipramine

Porter¹

1970

BMJ

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Summary: The distribution of 93 consecutive cases of depressive iliness in a Surrey general practice was found to be non-random. Married women were at risk, while men and unmarried women were largely spared. Married women were prone to the disorder at any time in their lives, and relapse was frequent. There was some suggestion that divorced wives and wives of low social class were particularly predisposed to the disorder.

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Hazards of the Menstrual Cycle

Abstract: PREVENTION OF BEDSORES BRITISH 55L MEDICAL JOURNAL Observations over a period of six months show that it is at least as effective as the usual method. The saving in nursing time and labour justifies its continued use. The cost of treatment is low. Further trials are in progress.

Cited by 64 publications

References 4 publications

Menstruation and Acute Psychiatric Illnesses

Menstruation and Acute Psychiatric Illnesses

Lethal Hazards of the Luteal Phase of the Menstrual Cycle

Depressive Illness in a General Practice. A Demographic Study and a Controlled Trial of Imipramine

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