Hazardous Effects of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Ecosystem

Shah, Syed Niaz Ali; Shah, Zahir; Hussain, Muzammal; Khan, M M Taqui

doi:10.1155/2017/4101735

Cited by 133 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 89 publications

(149 reference statements)

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“…lipid peroxidation), deplete cellular antioxidants, such as glutathione, cause mitochondrial damage with prevention of ATP synthesis and induce cell death by lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation [50,51,26] . In contrast to our findings, a previous study [1] demonstrated that TiO 2 is physiologically inactive exhibiting relatively low toxicity and considered unhazardous to humans. Many researchers [52][53][54] attributed these results to the very low and poor absorption of TiO 2 NPs after oral administration to rats so it should not result in excessive accumulation of metal in the organism.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…The aforementioned are consistent with previous researchers who found minimal [22] histological changes on TiO 2 low-dose exposure. Others [1,2] demonstrated that TiO 2 -NPs explicit doseeffect relationship and it does not show any toxicity until the exposure concentration reaches a certain threshold. Many researchers [32,33] revealed that the duration and doses directly determine the results of the biological responses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the last three decades, nanotechnology had flourished significantly and has transitioned from bench top science to applied technology. Whereas, nanomaterials (NMs) have been exclusively developed as well as widely applied in a broad variety of products including medicine, industry, personal care products and cosmetics [1,2] . The wide use of nanotechnology raised concern about their adverse effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the spleen of adult male albino rats: Histological and immunohistochemical study

Ibrahim

Salem

Helal

et al. 2018

Egyptian Journal of Histology

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Introduction: Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO 2 NPs) are commonly used in industry (e.g. cosmetics, sunscreens, food products, paints and drugs). But, they have different adverse cellular effects including oxidative stress and cellular damage. Aim of the work: To evaluate the possible toxic effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the structure of the spleen of rats. Materials and Methods: Forty-five adult male rats were divided into three groups. Group I served as the control group. Group II (low-dose group) rats were given oral dose of TiO 2 (600 mg/kg/day) daily for 8 weeks. Group III (high-dose group) rats were given a daily oral dose of TiO 2 (1200 mg/kg/day) for 8 weeks. Spleen specimens were taken after 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks from the start of the experiment. Thereafter, spleen specimens were processed for histological and immunohistochemical examinations. Results: The low-dose group showed slight disturbance in architecture of white pulp, slight congestion in red pulp and significant increase (P< 0.01) in CD4 and CD68 immuno-expression only after 8 week specimens compared with control group. The high-dose group showed marked disturbance in architecture of white pulp and significant increase (P< 0.01) in CD4 and CD68 immuno-expression after 4 week specimens, CD4 and CD68 immuno-expression significantly decreased (P< 0.01) in the 8 and in the 12 week specimens. No obvious improvement occurred after 12 weeks (withdrawal specimens). Conclusion: Prolonged exposure to daily high oral dose of TiO 2 NPs has deleterious and toxic effects on the spleen of rat, besides disruption of its structure.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the spleen of adult male albino rats: Histological and immunohistochemical study

Ibrahim

Salem

Helal

et al. 2018

Egyptian Journal of Histology

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“…2,9,10 Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) nanoparticles (nano-TiO 2 ), one of the most widely used form of nanoparticles (NPs) in the world, are extensively used in various areas, including chemical, electronic and solar energy industries, the biomedical fields, and consumer products. 11,12 According to reports in the Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies, nano-TiO 2 are listed within the Top 3 nanomaterials-based consumer products. 13 World production of nano-TiO 2 in 2014 exceeded 9 million metric tons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The size‐dependent apoptotic effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on endothelial cells by the intracellular pathway

Zeng

Feng

Wu-xiang

et al. 2018

Environmental Toxicology

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Concerns over the health risk of the widely distributed, commonly used titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO ) are increasing worldwide. Yet, up-to-now, our understanding in their potential effects on the cardiovascular system is very limited and the toxicological mechanisms are still unclear. In the present study, the CCK-8 assay was performed to determine the cytotoxicity of four sizes (10, 30, 50, and 100 nm) of anatase nano-TiO on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in culture, and the flow cytometry was employed to investigate the potential of these nano-TiO to induce the apoptosis of HUVECs. The apoptotic pathway was also probed through the determination of the protein expression and activation of p53, Bax, Bcl-2, caspases-9, -7, -3, and PARP by western blot. The results showed that at the administrative levels (1, 5, 25 μg/mL), all the four sizes of nano-TiO could significantly inhibit the viability of HUVECs and elicit significant apoptosis in them, compared with the negative control (P < .05, P < .01). Moreover, the apoptotic rates of HUVECs were increased respectively with the elevating levels and decreasing sizes of the administrative nano-TiO , showing a clear dose- and size-dependent effect relationships. Interestingly, the increasing phosphorylation of p53, decreasing ratio of Bcl-2/Bax, and enhancing activation of the downstream proteins caspase-9, -7, -3, and PARP, were also observed with the decreasing sizes of the administrative nano-TiO in the western blot, indicating that the intracellular approach of apoptosis, the p53-caspase pathway, is the major way of the nano-TiO -mediated apoptosis in HUVECs in culture and that the size is an important parameter that may determine the potential of nano-TiO to induce cellular response. In conclusion, these results suggested that high levels of nano-TiO exposure may pose potential risks to human cardiovascular health by inducing cardiovascular EC apoptosis.

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“…Due to the highly diverse nature and characteristics of NPs , their associated toxicological and biological effects are related to exposure pathways, the way they are transmitted to the body and the body's response to them [5,23] (Figure 2). Figure 2: Nanoparticles, depending on their synthesis, can enter the body through different pathways, including inhalation, skin, and digestion.…”

Section: How Do Nps Affect Human Body?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Health concerns of various nanoparticles: A review of their in vitro and in vivo toxicity

Ajdari¹,

Moosavi²,

Rahmati³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Nanoparticles (NPs) are widely used in diverse disciplines, including biology, medicine science. The central question that need to be answered is whether NPs have toxic effects on biological cells and molecules or are they safe. The safety of NPs including targeted drug delivery is critical and so is their toxicity in the environment. In recent years, in vitro and in vivo research on animals has generated abundant information about the toxicity of NPs.However, due to varying laboratory conditions, the comparison of the results from ensuing studies is somewhat unreliable. It should be noted that, depending on the type of production, NPs can enter the body through inhalation, skin and via digestive routes. Due to the diversity of NPs and their properties, there is paucity of accurate information on their toxicological effects; particle size, shape, surface area and the chemical levels are considered as key factors in creating health and toxicological effects. Consequently, there is a need for reliable information about their effects on various organs so as to deal with NPs effectively and their impact on health and the environment. This review covers the existing knowledge base on the subject that hopefully prepares us better to address these challenges.

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Hazardous Effects of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Ecosystem

Cited by 133 publications

References 89 publications

Effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the spleen of adult male albino rats: Histological and immunohistochemical study

Effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the spleen of adult male albino rats: Histological and immunohistochemical study

The size‐dependent apoptotic effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on endothelial cells by the intracellular pathway

Health concerns of various nanoparticles: A review of their in vitro and in vivo toxicity

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