Hazardous Chemicals in Products and Processes

Ahrens, Andreas; Braun, Angelika; Gleich, Arnim von; Heitmann, Kerstin; Lißner, Lothar

doi:10.1007/3-7908-1643-4

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…In the first stages of an innovation process, the outlines of a technology are probably already known, but possible applications and affected systems are usually still vague. However, approaches for an early assessment of potential hazards and exposure as well as an assessment of different dimensions and forms of lacking knowledge regarding hazards and exposure already exist (Ahrens et al, 2005; Steinfeldt et al, 2007; Owen et al, 2009; Giese & Von Gleich, 2015; Linkov et al, 2018). The underlying hypothesis in our approach is, that the range and the forms of non-knowledge are not ‘just there’, but are to a large extend produced by the character of the technology.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene drives as a new quality in GMO releases—a comparative technology characterization

Frieß

Gleich

Giese

2019

PeerJ

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Compared to previous releases of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) which were primarily plants, gene drives represent a paradigm shift in the handling of GMOs: Current regulation of the release of GMOs assumes that for specific periods of time a certain amount of GMOs will be released in a particular region. However, now a type of genetic technology arises whose innermost principle lies in exceeding these limits—the transformation or even eradication of wild populations. The invasive character of gene drives demands a thorough analysis of their functionalities, reliability and potential impact. But such investigations are hindered by the fact that an experimental field test would hardly be reversible. Therefore, an appropriate prospective assessment is of utmost importance for an estimation of the risk potential associated with the application of gene drives. This work is meant to support the inevitable characterization of gene drives by a comparative approach of prospective technology assessment with a focus on potential sources of risk. Therein, the hazard and exposure potential as well as uncertainties with regard to the performance of synthetic gene drives are addressed. Moreover, a quantitative analysis of their invasiveness should enable a differentiated evaluation of their power to transform wild populations.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene drives as a new quality in GMO releases—a comparative technology characterization

Frieß

Gleich

Giese

2019

PeerJ

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“…In order to decrease incompatibilities of guiding orientations with their directional impetuses the consideration of these factors can lead to an adaption of the guiding orientations or to an influence of them within the process. As a basis for the identification of the guiding influencing factors serves the turtles model [3,13] which is adapted to socio-technical systems [14]. It based on six external guiding influencing factors and three internal influencing factors which operate to or rather in the socio-technical system and show among one another a reciprocal relationship.…”

Section: Theoretical Principles Of Guiding Orientation Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research approaches which deal with the topic to give direction in systems and its innovation and transformation processes are, e.g., the "transition management" [1], the "constructive technology assessment" [2], and the "turtles model" (also known as multi-impulse model) [3]. On the one hand, these theoretical concepts have in common that they attach to certain factors which can provide directional impetus but they cannot control transformation processes (including innovation processes).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transformation toward a Secure and Precaution-Oriented Energy System with the Guiding Concept of Resilience—Implementation of Low-Exergy Solutions in Northwestern Germany

Brand

Gleich

2015

Energies

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Climate changes, incidents like nuclear disasters, and associated political objectives call for significant changes to the current energy system. Despite these far-reaching transformation processes, within the intended changes security of supply and precautions against the possible consequences of climate change must be ensured. Consequently, the question arises how to direct energy systems. In this context the processes of guiding orientations with the help of the guiding concept of "resilient systems" and feasible and addressee-oriented guiding design principles can be an option to provide guidance in transformation processes. However, it is questionable whether and how such processes are effective in the long term and if they are able to give direction by doing so. Within the framework of empirical studies of a regional guiding orientation process for the energy system of Northwestern Germany, the long-term effectiveness of the process and its spread resilient guiding design principles of "low-exergy solutions" and "climate-adapted and energy-efficient refrigeration" has been confirmed. Such effectiveness requires the implementation of a four-phase guiding orientation process which takes content-related and process-related effectiveness factors into account. Therefore, the study shows how regional energy systems can be designed toward the major challenges of ensuring security and precaution. OPEN ACCESSEnergies 2015, 8 6996

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“…However, the concept of substitution seems to have had a limited impact on chemicals management, particularly in the workplace. Substitution is often considered by enterprises as a complex risk reduction strategy with unpredictable costs and consequences (see box) [18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Substitution In Practicementioning

confidence: 99%

Substitution for Hazardous Chemicals on an International Level—The Approach of the European Project “Subsport”

Lißner

Romano²

2011

New Solut

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The systematic description and promotion of substitution options and processes is an underdeveloped and often missing element in chemical management and chemical policy discussions. This article describes major barriers and drivers for substitution, and concludes that more specific information can be an essential instrument to overcome those barriers. It also explains the development and features of a large information tool under development called SUBSPORT, an abbreviation for Substitution Support Portal. SUBSPORT is a three-year European project which aims at providing authorities, industry, and stakeholders with information on alternatives for the effective substitution of hazardous chemicals. It will help companies meet the substitution requirements expressed in national, European Union, and international legislation. SUBSPORT will make information available in four languages.

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Hazardous Chemicals in Products and Processes

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Gene drives as a new quality in GMO releases—a comparative technology characterization

Gene drives as a new quality in GMO releases—a comparative technology characterization

Transformation toward a Secure and Precaution-Oriented Energy System with the Guiding Concept of Resilience—Implementation of Low-Exergy Solutions in Northwestern Germany

Substitution for Hazardous Chemicals on an International Level—The Approach of the European Project “Subsport”

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