Hazard perception as a function of target location and the field of view

Shahar, Amit; Alberti, Concetta F.; Clarke, David M.; Crundall, David

doi:10.1016/j.aap.2010.03.016

Cited by 50 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Hazard perception tests evaluating the ability to anticipate, detect, and respond appropriately to driving relevant events, are required for licensure in the UK and some states in Australia . Hazard perception is usually evaluated by having individuals identify hazards in video clips recorded from a dashboard camera in an urban setting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hazard detection with a monocular bioptic telescope

Doherty

Peli

Luo

2015

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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Purpose The safety of bioptic telescopes for driving remains controversial. The ring scotoma, an area to the telescope eye due to the telescope magnification, has been the main cause of concern. This study evaluates whether bioptic users can use the fellow eye to detect in hazards driving videos that fall in the ring scotoma area. Methods Twelve visually impaired bioptic users watched a series of driving hazard perception training videos and responded as soon as they detected a hazard while reading aloud letters presented on the screen. The letters were placed such that when reading them through the telescope the hazard fell in the ring scotoma area. Four conditions were tested: no bioptic and no reading, reading without bioptic, reading with a bioptic that did not occlude the fellow eye (non-occluding bioptic), and reading with a bioptic that partially-occluded the fellow eye. Eight normally sighted subjects performed the same task with the partially occluding bioptic detecting lateral hazards (blocked by the device scotoma) and vertical hazards (outside the scotoma) to further determine the cause-and-effect relationship between hazard detection and the fellow eye. Results There were significant differences in performance between conditions: 83% of hazards were detected with no reading task, dropping to 67% in the reading task with no bioptic, to 50% while reading with the non-occluding bioptic, and 34% while reading with the partially occluding bioptic. For normally sighted, detection of vertical hazards (53%) was significantly higher than lateral hazards (38%) with the partially occluding bioptic. Conclusions Detection of driving hazards is impaired by the addition of a secondary reading like task. Detection is further impaired when reading through a monocular telescope. The effect of the partially-occluding bioptic supports the role of the non-occluded fellow eye in compensating for the ring scotoma.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hazard detection with a monocular bioptic telescope

Doherty

Peli

Luo

2015

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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“…Recently Shahar, Alberti, Clarke and Crundall (2010) have argued that some biases might originate from the restricted field of view (approximating anywhere between 40 and 80 degrees of visual angle) provided by typical HP tests, failing to reflect some aspects of the complexity of HP skills in real driving, which involves detecting and processing occurrences that are external to this limited view.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are experienced drivers more likely than novice drivers to benefit from driving simulations with a wide field of view?

Alberti

Shahar

Crundall

2014

Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviou

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This study aimed to further our understanding of the impact of a restricted field of view on visual search and hazard perception, by comparing novice and experienced driver performance in a driving simulator as a function of the available field of view. Participants encountered a series of virtual hazards during their drive while viewing the world under narrow or wide field of view conditions.The results showed that all drivers were more likely to avoid the hazards when presented with a wide view, even though the hazards only occurred in an area of the screen that was visible in both the wide and narrow view conditions. Experienced drivers also tended to have fewer crashes, and this appeared to be related to a greater speed reduction 10 metres before the hazard. This speed reduction was greatest in the wide field of view condition suggesting that additional information from wider eccentricities was useful in safely navigating the hazardous events. Gaze movement recording revealed that only experienced drivers made overt use of wider eccentricities, and this was typically in advance of any visual cues that might help identify the hazard. This suggests that either early overt attention to wider eccentricities, or continuous covert attention to these extrafoveal regions on approach to the hazard, is responsible for the safer behaviour of experienced drivers when presented with a wide field of view. We speculate about the possible underlying mechanism and discuss possible consequences for HP tests.

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“…Also, the reaction is faster when three monitors are used to show the road compared with using one monitor. Moreover, increasing monitor width and showing more parts of the environment, especially in the center of the monitor, decreases driver reaction time [16].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hazard Detection Prediction Model for Rural Roads Based on Hazard and Environment Properties

Asadamraji

Saffarzadeh

Borujerdian

et al. 2018

PROMET

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A driver’s reaction time encountering hazards on roads involves different sections, and each section must occur at the right time to prevent a crash. An appropriate reaction starts with hazard detection. A hazard can be detected on time if it is completely visible to the driver. It is assumed in this paper that hazard properties such as size and color, the contrast between the environment and a hazard, whether the hazard is moving or fixed, and the presence of a warning are effective in improving driver hazard detection. A driving simulator and different scenarios on a two-lane rural road are used for assessing novice and experienced drivers’ hazard detection, and a Sugeno fuzzy model is used to analyze the data. The results show that the hazard detection ability of novice and experienced drivers decreases by 35% and 64%, respectively, during nighttime compared to daytime. Also, moving hazards increase hazard detection ability by 9% and 180% for experienced and novice drivers, respectively, compared to fixed hazards. Moreover, increasing size, contrast, and color difference affect hazard detection under nonlinear functions. The results could be helpful in safety improvement solution prioritization and in preventing vehicle-pedestrian, vehicle-animal, and vehicle-object crashes, especially for novice drivers.

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Hazard perception as a function of target location and the field of view

Cited by 50 publications

References 35 publications

Hazard detection with a monocular bioptic telescope

Hazard detection with a monocular bioptic telescope

Are experienced drivers more likely than novice drivers to benefit from driving simulations with a wide field of view?

Hazard Detection Prediction Model for Rural Roads Based on Hazard and Environment Properties

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