Hazard evaluation of polystyrene nanoplastic with nine bioassays did not show particle-specific acute toxicity

Heinlaan, Margit; Kasemets, Kaja; Aruoja, Villem; Blinova, Irina; Bondarenko, Olesja; Lukjanova, Aljona; Khosrovyan, Alla; Kurvet, Imbi; Pullerits, Mirjam; Sihtmäe, Mariliis; Vasiliev, Grigory; Vija, Heiki; Kahru, Anne

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136073

Cited by 106 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…2 Heinlaan et al 2020 assessed the effects of 26 and 100 nm PS NP on the midge larvae Chironomus riparius and the ostracod Heterocypris incongruens. 40 No significant effects were found on the survival of C. riparius after 48 h of exposure and no significant effects were found on the survival and growth of H. incongruens after 6 d of exposure. 40 In Redondo-Hasselerharm et al (2020), the effects of 96 nm PS NP were evaluated on a freshwater benthic community using outdoor tests.…”

Section: Effects On Survival and Growthmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…29,[37][38][39] To date, we are aware of two articles that have evaluated the effects of NP only on freshwater benthic species using sediment exposure conditions. 29,40 In this study, we used metal-doped NP to assess the uptake and effects on the survival and growth of the freshwater benthic macroinvertebrate Gammarus pulex using 28 days standardized single species sediment toxicity tests. Individuals of G. pulex were exposed to 227.6 ± 1.47 nm polystyrene NP with a bumpy surface containing a palladium (Pd) tracer at concentrations ranging from 0 to 30 g plastic per kg sediment dry weight (dw).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metal-doping of nanoplastics enables accurate assessment of uptake and effects on Gammarus pulex

Redondo‐Hasselerharm

Vink

Mitrano

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci.: Nano

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Section: Effects On Survival and Growthmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal-doping of nanoplastics enables accurate assessment of uptake and effects on Gammarus pulex

Redondo‐Hasselerharm

Vink

Mitrano

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci.: Nano

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“…Nevertheless, the question of their toxicity remains entirely open, and it could exceed that of larger debris due to their smaller size, colloidal behaviour, higher surface-to-volume ratio and associated increased chemical reactivity. Most studies have shown the effects of microplastics and NPs on algal growth or photosynthesis, but only at high concentrations (from 15 to 250 mg•L −1 ) [16][17]. The size of the plastic particles governs their interaction with the unicellular organisms; if biofilm could be formed on microplastics [18], this is not the case on NPs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heteroaggregates of Polystyrene Nanospheres and Organic Matter: Preparation, Characterization and Evaluation of Their Toxicity to Algae in Environmentally Relevant Conditions

et al. 2021

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The environmental fate and behavior of nanoplastics (NPs) and their toxicity against aquatic organisms are under current investigation. In this work, relevant physicochemical characterizations were provided to analyze the ecotoxicological risk of NPs in the aquatic compartment. For this purpose, heteroaggregates of 50 nm polystyrene nanospheres and natural organic matter were prepared and characterized. The kinetic of aggregation was assimilated to a reaction-limited colloid aggregation mode and led to the formation of heteroaggregates in the range of 100–500 nm. Toxicities of these heteroaggregates and polystyrene nanospheres (50 and 350 nm) were assessed for a large range of concentrations using four benthic and one planktonic algal species, in regards to particle states in the media. Heteroaggregates and nanospheres were shown to be stable in the exposure media during the ecotoxity tests. The algal species exhibited very low sensitivity (growth and photosynthetic activity), with the noteworthy exception of the planktonic alga, whose growth increased by more than 150% with the heteroaggregates at 1 µg L−1. Despite the lack of a strong direct effect of the NPs, they may still impair the functioning of aquatic ecosystems by destabilizing the competitive interactions between species. Moreover, further work should assess the toxicity of NPs associated with other substances (adsorbed pollutants or additives) that could enhance the NP effects.

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“…It is crucial to note that most of the published nanoplastic ecotoxicity studies were conducted using pristine polystyrene nanoparticles because they are commercially available as nanoplastic suspension with well‐characterized particle sizes (Pikuda et al 2019). However, 2 independent studies have shown that the presence of biocides in these suspensions is seriously affecting the interpretation of the toxicity studies (Pikuda et al 2019; Heinlaan et al 2020). It was shown that after dialysis of the suspension and consequently removal of the sodium azide (NaN 3 ) stabilizer, the pristine polystyrene nanoplastics were no longer toxic at the levels reported before (Pikuda et al 2019; Heinlaan et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, 2 independent studies have shown that the presence of biocides in these suspensions is seriously affecting the interpretation of the toxicity studies (Pikuda et al 2019; Heinlaan et al 2020). It was shown that after dialysis of the suspension and consequently removal of the sodium azide (NaN 3 ) stabilizer, the pristine polystyrene nanoplastics were no longer toxic at the levels reported before (Pikuda et al 2019; Heinlaan et al 2020). Therefore, the results of published studies with pristine polystyrene nanoplastics could be seriously biased by the added stabilizer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Meta‐analysis of Ecotoxicological Hazard Data for Nanoplastics in Marine and Freshwater Systems

Tong

Nowack

2020

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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There is emerging concern about the potential health and environmental impacts of nanoplastics in the environment. Information on exposure has been lacking, but a growing amount of ecotoxicological hazard data is now available, allowing a hazard assessment to be conducted for nanoplastics in freshwater and marine systems. Based on a critical evaluation of published studies and the construction of probabilistic species sensitivity distributions (PSSDs), we present a comprehensive, state-of-the-art understanding of nanoplastic ecotoxicity. Different freshwater and marine datasets were constructed based on different data quality levels, and for each of the datasets, PSSDs were built for both mass-and particle number-based concentrations. Predicted no-effect concentrations (PNECs) were then extracted from the PSSDs. We report PNECs at 99 and 72 μg L-1 , respectively, for the freshwater and marine dataset after the removal of data measured in the presence of sodium azide (NaN 3), which is considered to be a major interfering factor in the ecotoxicity testing of nanoplastics. By comparing the PNECs, we found that nanoplastics are less toxic than microplastics and many engineered nanomaterials. In addition, the effects of size and polymer type on toxicity were also statistically tested. We observed no significant difference in ecotoxicity for nanoplastics of different sizes, whereas polystyrene nanoplastics were significantly more toxic than all other tested nanoplastics. In conclusion, the results we present provide a comprehensive description of nanoplastic ecotoxicity based on current knowledge. The results constitute a fundamental step toward an environmental risk assessment for nanoplastics in freshwater and marine systems.

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Hazard evaluation of polystyrene nanoplastic with nine bioassays did not show particle-specific acute toxicity

Cited by 106 publications

References 34 publications

Metal-doping of nanoplastics enables accurate assessment of uptake and effects on Gammarus pulex

Metal-doping of nanoplastics enables accurate assessment of uptake and effects on Gammarus pulex

Heteroaggregates of Polystyrene Nanospheres and Organic Matter: Preparation, Characterization and Evaluation of Their Toxicity to Algae in Environmentally Relevant Conditions

A Meta‐analysis of Ecotoxicological Hazard Data for Nanoplastics in Marine and Freshwater Systems

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