Metal-doping of nanoplastics enables accurate assessment of uptake and effects on <i>Gammarus pulex</i>

Redondo‐Hasselerharm, Paula E.; Vink, G.J.; Mitrano, Denise M.; Koelmans, Albert A.

doi:10.1039/d1en00068c

Cited by 29 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…Pd was incorporated into the center of the particle, so that the surface of the particle was composed entirely of polymer material. Only negligible Pd leaching from these nanoplastic particles was found in experimental systems in previous studies, ,, ensuring that Pd is a conservative tracer for nanoplastic particles. Moreover, we consider the particles to remain intact throughout the study period, because polystyrene has negligible biodegradation rates in soils. , The content of the metal tracer corresponded to 0.24% w/w of the plastic particles, determined based on dry weight of the nanoplastic suspension (after drying 48 h at 60 °C, n = 3) and microwave-assisted aqua regia extraction of Pd as described below.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 68%

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Nanoplastic Transport in Soil via Bioturbation by Lumbricus terrestris

Heinze

Mitrano

Lahive

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Plastic pollution is increasingly perceived as an emerging threat to terrestrial environments, but the spatial and temporal dimension of plastic exposure in soils is poorly understood. Bioturbation displaces microplastics (>1 μm) in soils and likely also nanoplastics (<1 μm), but empirical evidence is lacking. We used a combination of methods that allowed us to not only quantify but to also understand the mechanisms of biologically driven transport of nanoplastics in microcosms with the deep-burrowing earthworm Lumbricus terrestris . We hypothesized that ingestion and subsurface excretion drives deep vertical transport of nanoplastics that subsequently accumulate in the drilosphere, i.e., burrow walls. Significant vertical transport of palladium-doped polystyrene nanoplastics (diameter 256 nm), traceable using elemental analysis, was observed and increased over 4 weeks. Nanoplastics were detected in depurated earthworms confirming their uptake without any detectable negative impact. Nanoplastics were indeed enriched in the drilosphere where cast material was visibly incorporated, and the reuse of initial burrows could be monitored via X-ray computed tomography. Moreover, the speed of nanoplastics transport to the deeper soil profile could not be explained with a local mixing model. Earthworms thus repeatedly ingested and excreted nanoplastics in the drilosphere calling for a more explicit inclusion of bioturbation in nanoplastic fate modeling under consideration of the dominant mechanism. Further investigation is required to quantify nanoplastic re-entrainment, such as during events of preferential flow in burrows.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 68%

Nanoplastic Transport in Soil via Bioturbation by Lumbricus terrestris

Heinze

Mitrano

Lahive

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…The approach used in the present study can be applicable to study other plant species as well as other organisms. I.e Pd-doped nanoplastics have been successfully applied to investigate the transport of nanoplastics in salmon gut sac ex vivo (Clark et al, 2022) and the uptake and egestion of nanoplastics by freshwater amphipod (Redondo-Hasselerharm et al, 2021) and earthworms (Lahive et al, 2022). Other polymers as well as other plastic morphologies with environmental relevance, such as fibers, can be envisaged as well (Frehland et al, 2020;Keller et al, 2020;Lahive et al, 2021;Mitrano et al, 2019).…”

Section: Advances In Nanometrology To Assess Nanoplastics Interaction...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These nanoplastics present a core-shell structure with a core of Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) containing the metal tracer and a shell of cross-linked PS (Mitrano et al, 2019). The stability of these nanoplastics and their utility to study the fate of nanoplastics in complex organic matrix such as sewage sludge or animal models has been demonstrated in previous studies (Clark et al, 2022;Frehland et al, 2020;Keller et al, 2020;Lahive et al, 2022;Redondo-Hasselerharm et al, 2021). Polystyrene (PS) is one of the most commonly produced commodity seven polymers (Geyer et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing implications of nanoplastics exposure to plants with advanced nanometrology techniques

Mitrano

Castillo‐Michel

Wazne

et al. 2022

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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“…Hopefully, analytical methods will evolve to bridge this gap and better enable us to study tissue translocation and its effects. Here, metal-doped nanoparticles are a promising candidate in this line of research to investigate the fate and behavior of particles in the environment (Mitrano et al 2019) and inside organisms (Redondo-Hasselerharm et al 2021).…”

Section: The Context Of Dynamic Energy Budget Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue translocation, multigenerational and population effects of microplastics in Daphnia magna

Schür¹

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The last century saw the widespread adoption of plastic materials throughout nearly every aspect of our lives. Plastics are synthetic polymers that are made up of monomer chains. The properties of the monomer in conjunction with chemical additives allow plastics to have a sheer endless variety of features and use cases. They are cheap, lightweight, and extremely durable. Plastic materials are often engineered for single-use and in conjunction with high production volumes and insufficient waste management and recycling across the globe, this leads to a large number of plastics entering the environment. Marine ecosystems are considered sinks. However, freshwater ecosystems as entry pathways are highly affected by plastic waste as well. Throughout the past decade, the impact of plastic waste on human and environmental health has received a lot of attention from the ecotoxicological community as well as the public. Small plastic fragments (< 1 mm called microplastics) are a large part of this emerging field of research. Within this, the water flea Daphnia magna is probably the most common organism that is used to assess microplastics toxicity. As a filter-feeding organism, it indiscriminately ingests particles from the water column and is thus highly susceptible to microplastics. For this thesis, we identified some gaps in the available data on the ecotoxicity of microplastics to daphnids. To illuminate some of those gaps the present thesis was aimed at five main aspects: (1) Tissue translocation of spherical microplastics in Daphnia magna (2) Investigation of the toxicity of irregularly shaped microplastics (3) Multigenerational and population effects of microplastics (4) Comparison of the toxicity of microplastics and natural particles (5) Effects of particle-aging on microplastics toxicity The thesis is comprised of three peer-reviewed articles and one so-far unpublished study as “additional results”. The first study was aimed at understanding tissue translocation of spherical microplastics to lipid storage droplets of daphnids. The crossing of biological membranes is discussed as a prerequisite to eliciting tissue damage and an inflammatory response. Previously, researchers reported the translocation of fluorescently labeled spherical microplastics to lipid storage droplets of daphnids, even though no plausible biological mechanism to explain this occurrence. Therefore, in order to learn more about this process and potentially illuminate the mechanism we replicated the study. We were able to observe a fluorescence signal inside the lipid droplets only after increasing the exposure concentrations. Nonetheless, it appeared to be independent of particles. This led to the hypothesis, that the lipophilic fluorescent dye uncoupled from the particles and subsequently accumulated in lipid storage droplets. The hypothesis was further confirmed through an additional experiment with a silicone-based passive sampling device showing that the fluorescence occurred both independent of particles and digestive processes. Accordingly, we concluded that the reported findings were a microscopic artifact caused by the uncoupling of the dye from the particles. Therefore, a fluorescence signal alone is not a sufficient proxy to assume that particles have translocated. It needs to be coupled with additional methods to ensure that the observation is indeed caused by the translocation of particles. It is still unclear whether the toxicity profile of microplastics is different from that of naturally occurring particles or if they are “just another particle”, as there are innumerable amounts in the natural environment surrounding an organism. The goal of the second study was to compare the toxicity of irregularly shaped polystyrene microplastics to that of the natural particle kaolin. The environment is full of natural non-food particles that daphnids ingest more or less indiscriminately and therefore are well adapted to deal with. Daphnids have a short generation time and usually experience food limitation in nature. Therefore, short-term studies only looking at acute toxicity with ad libitum food availability are not representative of the exposure scenario in nature. For a more realistic scenario, we, therefore, used a four-generation multigenerational design under food limitation to investigate how effects translate from one generation to the next. We observed concentration-dependent effects of microplastics but not of natural particles on mortality, reproduction, and growth. Some of the effects increased from generation to generation, leading to the extinction of two treatment groups. Here, microplastics were more toxic than natural particles. At least part of this difference can be explained by physical properties leading to the quick sedimentation of the kaolin, while microplastics remained in the water column. Nonetheless, buoyancy and sedimentation would also affect exposure in the environment and are likely different for most microplastics than for most naturally occurring particle types. ...

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Metal-doping of nanoplastics enables accurate assessment of uptake and effects on Gammarus pulex

Abstract: Because of the difficulty of measuring nanoplastics (NP), the use of NPs doped with rare Earth metals has been proposed as a promising approach to detect NP in environmental media...

Cited by 29 publications

References 49 publications

Nanoplastic Transport in Soil via Bioturbation by Lumbricus terrestris

Nanoplastic Transport in Soil via Bioturbation by Lumbricus terrestris

Assessing implications of nanoplastics exposure to plants with advanced nanometrology techniques

Tissue translocation, multigenerational and population effects of microplastics in Daphnia magna

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