Hatchery selection may depress the number of motile sperm but intensify selection for their swimming velocity in the Arctic charr

Kekäläinen, Jukka; Figenschou, Lars; Janhunen, Matti; Kortet, Raine; Peuhkuri, Nina; Rudolfsen, Geir

doi:10.1007/s10499-012-9568-7

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…mammals and birds) that sperm motility and velocity are heritable traits (Mossman et al ., ; England et al ., ). Furthermore, studies of experimental evolution in insects (Simmons & García‐González, ) and artificial selection in fish (Kekäläinen et al ., ) have demonstrated that sperm traits and ejaculate traits can rapidly diverge when selective pressures are imposed on genetically isolated populations. While the degree of genetic isolation between our study populations is not known, past molecular genetic studies in C. signifera have demonstrated extremely high levels of genetic divergence between populations throughout the species range (Read et al ., ; Symula et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Environmental osmolality influences sperm motility activation in an anuran amphibian

Byrne

Dunne

Munn

et al. 2015

J of Evolutionary Biology

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Evolutionary theory predicts that selection will favour sperm traits that maximize fertilization success in local fertilization environments. In externally fertilizing species, osmolality of the fertilization medium is known to play a critical role in activating sperm motility, but there remains limited evidence for adaptive responses to local osmotic environments. In this study, we used a split-sample experimental design and computer-assisted sperm analysis to (i) determine the optimal medium osmolality for sperm activation (% sperm motility and sperm velocity) in male common eastern frog-lets (Crinia signifera), (ii) test for among-population variation in percentage sperm motility and sperm velocity at various activation-medium osmolalities and (iii) test for among-population covariation between sperm performance and environmental osmolality. Frogs were obtained from nine populations that differed in environmental osmolality, and sperm samples of males from different populations were subjected to a range of activation-medium osmol-alities. Percentage sperm motility was optimal between 10 and 50 mOsm kg À1 , and sperm velocity was optimal between 10 and 100 mOsm kg À1 , indicating that C. signifera has evolved sperm that can function across a broad range of osmolalities. As predicted, there was significant among-population variation in sperm performance. Furthermore, there was a significant interaction between activation-medium osmolality and environmental osmolality, indicating that frogs from populations with higher environmental osmolality produced sperm that performed better at higher osmolalities in vitro. This finding may reflect phenotypic plasticity in sperm functioning, or genetic divergence resulting from spatial variation in the strength of directional selection. Both of these explanations are consistent with evolutionary theory, providing some of the first empirical evidence that local osmotic environments can favour adaptive sperm motility responses in species that use an external mode of fertilization.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Environmental osmolality influences sperm motility activation in an anuran amphibian

Byrne

Dunne

Munn

et al. 2015

J of Evolutionary Biology

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“…This paternity difference could arise because hatchery males produce inferior sperm, which have lower velocity or motility than the sperm of wild males. However, several studies have found that hatchery and wild salmonids do not consistently differ in sperm motility or velocity [ 43 – 45 ], which suggests that sperm performance is unlikely to be the primary cause of the observed differences in paternity. Instead, hatchery fish might have low paternity because they are slower than wild males to release sperm or are more likely to be excluded from preferred spawning positions immediately adjacent to females, as both characteristics have been linked to low success in sperm competition [ 19 , 31 , 46 , 47 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive success in wild and hatchery male coho salmon

et al. 2015

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Salmon produced by hatcheries have lower fitness in the wild than naturally produced salmon, but the factors underlying this difference remain an active area of research. We used genetic parentage analysis of alevins produced by experimentally mixed groups of wild and hatchery coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) to quantify male paternity in spawning hierarchies. We identify factors influencing paternity and revise previously published behavioural estimates of reproductive success for wild and hatchery males. We observed a strong effect of hierarchy size and hierarchy position on paternity: in two-male hierarchies, the first male sired 63% (±29%; s.d.) of the alevins and the second male 37% (±29%); in three-male hierarchies, the first male sired 64% (±26%), the second male 24% (±20%) and the third male 12% (±10%). As previously documented, hatchery males hold inferior positions in spawning hierarchies, but we also discovered that hatchery males had only 55–84% the paternity of wild males when occupying the same position within a spawning hierarchy. This paternity difference may result from inferior performance of hatchery males during sperm competition, female mate choice for wild males, or differential offspring survival. Regardless of its cause, the combination of inferior hierarchical position and inferior success at a position resulted in hatchery males having only half (51%) the reproductive success of wild males.

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“…Experiments show a broad salinity tolerance in the physiology of adults (Behrens et al, 2017;Hempel & Thiel, 2015;Karsiotis et al, 2012), which points to strong phenotypic plasticity. Other euryhaline fish have been reported to show phenotypic plasticity and acclimation of their sperm to different osmotic conditions during spermatogenesis (Kekäläinen et al, 2013;Taugbøl, Mazzarella, Cramer, & Laskemoen, 2017;Tiersch & Yang, 2012), but this has so far not been reported in gobies and should be investigated in future work. However, a strong plastic response to local salinity would have been expected to result in fish from different localities with similar salinity showing similar velocity.…”

Section: Sperm Show Signs Of Adaptation To Novel Salinitiesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Evidence of rapid adaptive trait change to local salinity in the sperm of an invasive fish

Green

Havenhand

Kvarnemo

2019

Evolutionary Applications

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Invasive species may quickly colonize novel environments, which could be attributed to both phenotypic plasticity and an ability to locally adapt. Reproductive traits are expected to be under strong selection when the new environment limits reproductive success of the invading species. This may be especially important for external fertilizers, which release sperm and eggs into the new environment. Despite adult tolerance to high salinity, the invasive fish Neogobius melanostomus (round goby) is absent from fully marine regions of the Baltic Sea, raising the possibility that its distribution is limited by tolerance during earlier life stages. Here, we investigate the hypothesis that the spread of N. melanostomus is limited by sperm function in novel salinities. We sampled sperm from two invasion fronts with higher and lower salinities in the Baltic Sea and tested them across a range of salinity levels. We found that sperm velocity and percentage of motile sperm declined in salinity levels higher and lower than those currently experienced by the Baltic Sea populations, with different performance curves for the two fronts. Sperm velocity also peaked closer to the home salinity conditions in each respective invasion front, with older localities showing an increased fit to local conditions. By calculating how the sperm velocity has changed over generations, we show this phenotypic shift to be in the range of other fish species under strong selection, indicating ongoing local adaptation or epigenetic acclimation to their novel environment. These results show that while immigrant reproductive dysfunction appears to at least partly limit the distribution of invasive N. melanostomus in the Baltic Sea, local adaptation to novel environments could enable future spread beyond their current boundaries.

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Hatchery selection may depress the number of motile sperm but intensify selection for their swimming velocity in the Arctic charr

Abstract: 139037 Tromsø, Norway.

Cited by 12 publications

References 40 publications

Environmental osmolality influences sperm motility activation in an anuran amphibian

Environmental osmolality influences sperm motility activation in an anuran amphibian

Reproductive success in wild and hatchery male coho salmon

Evidence of rapid adaptive trait change to local salinity in the sperm of an invasive fish

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