“…4 Specifically, some scholars contend that remittances (either monetary or nonmonetary) can spur economic growth and poverty alleviation by providing recipient households with the resources to mitigate consumption needs and material poverty (Acheampong et al, 2021, Chowdhury, 2016Song et al, 2020). Also, remittances can contribute to decreases in income inequality by promoting private sector productivity, job creation, and human capital development by boosting investment in health and education (Kumar & Patel, 2021;Akobeng, 2021;World Bank, 2018;Williams, 2016). Although concerns have been raised that remittances can heighten income inequality through the polarisation of resources (Prokhorova, 2017;Anyanwu, 2011) and environmental degradation, as related to the remittance-led emission hypothesis Khan et al, 2020), some studies argue that remittances can support improvement in environmental quality through the adoption and increased use of clean fuels and green technology (Wang et al 2021;Ahmad et al, 2019).…”