The consequences of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) countries cannot be ignore given it adverse effect on human health and global warming. With rising CO2 emissions and fallen volume of trade openness and FDI inflows in recent time, we seek to examine the effect of trade openness and foreign direct investment (FDI) on environmental degradation using time series data from 1975 to 2020 in SSA. Using the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) framework, the study employs a quadratic modeling and turning point approach to realize the study objectives. The findings reveals that (1) the trade openness-EKC and FDI-EKC does not hold given the presence of decreasing effects in the short run and increasing effects in the long run; (2) it confirms that a U-shaped trade openness-emissions and FDI-emission nexus holds given the decrease in trade openness and FDI in the short run and an increase in trade openness and FDI in the longrun; (3) The analysis supports the halo effect hypothesis before the turning point but the pollution haven hypothesis sets in after the turning point; (4) it shows evidence that trade openness and FDI contributes to reduce CO2 emissions in the short but increase it in the long run. The study recommends that SSA countries should adopt stringent environmental policies to attain sustainable economic growth without associative harm to the environment.

The success of the educational sector depends on the satisfaction and commitment of both public and private teachers. Thus, the recruitment, training, development, and growth of both sectors are vital for the overall growth of the educational sector. This research, therefore, aims to examine if there is a significant mean difference between job satisfaction and commitment of public and private secondary school teachers in the Tombel subdivision. The survey  sample 253 teachers comprising of 171 teachers from public schools and 82 from private schools. The empirical analysis employed the independent t-test using SPSS version 22. The findings indicate there is no significant mean difference between public and private schools for most instruments of job satisfaction (salary growth, perceive growth opportunities, working environment, and co-worker relationship) except job security. In addition, all the instruments of job commitment (workload, employee turnover intentions, motivation, fear of loss, and Job affection) reveal a significant mean difference between public and private schools in the subdivision. The study, therefore, recommends that to close the gap between public and private secondary school teachers, the educational stakeholders should encourage both sectors by ensuring a single salary scale, ensured better working conditions, and more security in their job.

Many empirical studies have examined the nexus between economic globalization and income inequality. However, findings are controversial, especially for developing countries, which require further investigation. This study, therefore, aims to examine the effect of economic globalization on income inequality using unbalance panel data in 19 Sub Saharan African countries (SSA) from 2000 – 2015.  Due to endogeneity problem and cross sectional dependence, the model was analyzed using a two-stage least square (2SLS) regression and the fixed effect model with Driscoll-Kraay standard errors regression respectively. The findings reveal that FDI, Trade openness, and ICT development are positive and significantly link to income inequality while remittances have a negative and significant effect. This is an indication that economic globalization indicators (FDI, Trade openness, ICT) have failed to bring a fairer income distribution in these countries while remittances have contributed to income distribution. On basis of this conclusion, policymakers should pursue policies, which will enhance a balanced development and improvement in the socioeconomic welfare of the population by improving measures of income distribution.

The selfish interest of some government officials affects the smooth functioning of the pillars of public expenditure and accountability (PEFA) in public finance management (PFM) through their ‘‘invisible hands”, which deprive the government from achieving its objectives of fiscal policy. This study examines the shortcomings of the pillars of public expenditure and accountability (PEFA) in developing countries and its effects on public finance management (PFM) using a theoretical approach. The study critically examined the functionality of the pillars using a comparative regional and income analysis and why it has not been effective in developing countries. The paper ends up by suggesting key policies that can be used to avoid the selfish interest of individuals in PFM.

Aims: The study aims to examine the effects of inflation rate volatility on household final consumption expenditure in Cameroon. Studies on inflation rate and household final consumption expenditure in Cameroon are limited. This study provides a new insight into how inflation rate fluctuations affect household consumption expenditure in Cameroon. Study Design: The study made use of an ex-post facto research design as the researcher has no control over the variables. Place and Duration of the Study: The study was conducted in Cameroon using World Bank data from 1980-2020. Methodology of the Study: The objectives of the study were accomplished using the autoregressive distributive lag (ARDL) bound test and error correction model (ECM) based on the conclusion of the unit root test. Results: The findings indicate that the inflation rate has a positive and significant effect on household final consumption expenditure in both the short and long run. Conclusion: The study concludes that an unstable inflation rate has a great impact on household final consumption expenditure in Cameroon.