Harnessing nanoparticles to improve toxicity after head and neck radiation

Cerium oxide nanoparticles in cancer

“…The dual capabilities of CONPs to act as an oxidant in cancer cells, yet antioxidant in normal cells, supports the role of CONPs as an adjuvant for RT that could significantly impact patient quality of life. Several publications have shown that treatment with CONPs prior to RT exposure decreases the RT-induced cell damage and death in normal tissues in line with the protection from other methods of inducing oxidative stress 34–37. One study suggests that CeO 2 may be radioprotective for salivary production and reduce grade III dermatitis and skin hyperpigmentation incidence 37.…”

Lanthanide Nanoparticles: From Design toward Bioimaging and Therapy

“…650 This selective radioprotection by CeO 2 nanoparticles can also be used to treat xerostomia and radiation-induced dermatitis in mice. 651 Briggs et al revealed that the radioprotective efficacy of CeO 2 nanoparticles varied with the energy of X-ray radiation. 652 While radioprotection of the rat brain gliosarcoma cell line was observed when using a 10 MV photon beam, a contrary effect was observed with a 150 kVp X-ray beam.…”

Cerium oxide nanoparticle: a remarkably versatile rare earth nanomaterial for biological applications

“…Taken together, CeONP has both direct cytotoxicity and indirect antiinvasive properties on tumor cells. Furthermore, CeONP is also shown to confer radioprotection to normal cells while increasing toxicity to cancer cells, [104][105][106][107] which is significant in radiation therapy (RT). Although RT remains an effective modality for the control and cure of malignant cancer, many harmful side effects are associated with it, including fatigue, nausea and dermatitis.…”

“…Several publications have shown that treatment with CeONP before RT exposure decreases the RT-induced cell damage and death in normal tissues of the gastrointestinal tract, 104 lung, 105 breast, 106 and head and neck. 107 Conversely, CeONP could enhance the efficiency of RT to induce tumor cell death because of its acidic cytosolic environment. 106,107 Drug delivery devices and bioscaffold Recently, nanoparticles have shown tremendous potential use in biotechnology as drug delivery systems and bioscaffolds.…”

“…107 Conversely, CeONP could enhance the efficiency of RT to induce tumor cell death because of its acidic cytosolic environment. 106,107 Drug delivery devices and bioscaffold Recently, nanoparticles have shown tremendous potential use in biotechnology as drug delivery systems and bioscaffolds. CeONP, a nanomaterial with pharmacological potential, could be used as a nanocarrier or scaffold and also act as a therapeutic agent.…”