Harnessing genome-wide association studies to minimize adverse radiation-induced side effects

Benitez, Cecil M.; Knox, Susan J.

doi:10.3857/roj.2020.00556

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“…Concerning biomarkers aimed to predict the risk of radiation-induced toxicity in normal tissues, the research has focused on the assessment of DNA damage response (comet assay, ɣH2AX foci formation, or micronucleus formation) and, more recently, on apoptosis, all of which are studied after in vitro irradiation of peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients [ 151 , 153 ]. Other well-studied predictive biomarkers of toxicity are germline genetic variants from patients with breast cancer, prostate cancer, and other cancers [ 154 ]. In addition, protein biomarkers present in blood from breast cancer patients have been related to cardiotoxicity after radiotherapy [ 151 , 155 ].…”

Section: Clinical Applications Of Cancer Biomarkers: Examplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Biomarkers in Cancer

2022

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Molecular cancer biomarkers are any measurable molecular indicator of risk of cancer, occurrence of cancer, or patient outcome. They may include germline or somatic genetic variants, epigenetic signatures, transcriptional changes, and proteomic signatures. These indicators are based on biomolecules, such as nucleic acids and proteins, that can be detected in samples obtained from tissues through tumor biopsy or, more easily and non-invasively, from blood (or serum or plasma), saliva, buccal swabs, stool, urine, etc. Detection technologies have advanced tremendously over the last decades, including techniques such as next-generation sequencing, nanotechnology, or methods to study circulating tumor DNA/RNA or exosomes. Clinical applications of biomarkers are extensive. They can be used as tools for cancer risk assessment, screening and early detection of cancer, accurate diagnosis, patient prognosis, prediction of response to therapy, and cancer surveillance and monitoring response. Therefore, they can help to optimize making decisions in clinical practice. Moreover, precision oncology is needed for newly developed targeted therapies, as they are functional only in patients with specific cancer genetic mutations, and biomarkers are the tools used for the identification of these subsets of patients. Improvement in the field of cancer biomarkers is, however, needed to overcome the scientific challenge of developing new biomarkers with greater sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value.

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Section: Clinical Applications Of Cancer Biomarkers: Examplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Biomarkers in Cancer

2022

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“…The reason for this is that it is considered that up to 80% of individual differences in the toxicity of normal tissue caused by RT are conditioned by numerous genetic and epigenetic factors. Many studies of gene expression profiles in peripheral blood lymphocytes of RT-treated patients have indicated an association between certain differentially expressed genes and acute and late radiotoxicity [7]. Therefore, determining the expression profile of a large number of genes by the method of miRNA expression analysis or sequencing of new generation RNA is one of the most important research approaches in modern radiobiology, which allows the discovery of new potential biomarkers of RT effects [7,8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many studies of gene expression profiles in peripheral blood lymphocytes of RT-treated patients have indicated an association between certain differentially expressed genes and acute and late radiotoxicity [7]. Therefore, determining the expression profile of a large number of genes by the method of miRNA expression analysis or sequencing of new generation RNA is one of the most important research approaches in modern radiobiology, which allows the discovery of new potential biomarkers of RT effects [7,8,9]. Methodological approaches used in cellular radiosensitivity testing include assays to determine cell proliferation and survival, cytogenetic assays, methods to detect DNA damage, and apoptotic assays.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current aspects of radiobiology in modern radiotherapy - our clinical experience

Nikitović

Stanojković

2022

Srp Arh Celok Lek

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Personalized radiation treatment is an important goal in radiation oncology. As a result, one of the main challenges in radiobiology today is predicting a patient's tissue radiosensitivity so that a personalized treatment can be tailored to that individual. For the first time since 2016, a group from the Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia has begun performing translational research in the field of radiobiology. The aim of these studies is to identify molecular markers important for the prediction of radiosensitivity as well as the occurrence of toxic effects of radiotherapy. In the past five years, significant international cooperation has been established with the Radiogenomic Consortium, as well as leading European and world experts in this field. Also in this period, several significant and promising results in this field were published, and a Laboratory for radiobiology was established at the Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia.

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