Harnessing Electrical Power from Hybrid Biomass-Solid Waste Energy Resources for Microgrids in Underdeveloped and Developing Countries

Raza, Muhammad Amir; Khatri, Krishan Lal; Rafique, Khalid; Saand, Abdul Sattar

doi:10.48084/etasr.4177

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…Energy demand under the medium GDP scenario is reduced from 1,244.75 million MWh to 652.17 million MWh in 2050 as shown in Figure 5. The industrial GDP of the reference scenario is 1.58 times greater as compared with the industrial GDP of the low GDP growth rate scenario, while the agriculture GDP of the reference scenario is 2.2 times greater than the low GDP growth rate scenario till 2050 because as per Pakistan economy survey 2015-2016, due to negative growth in cotton ginning, and crops is noticed in 2016 so the overall growth was -0.19% further, which stabilized at 0.3% at the end of 2016 [32]. Energy demand under the low GDP scenario is increased from 137.97 million MWh in 2023 to 374.79 million MWh in 2050 as shown in Figure 6.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Energy Demand Projection and Economy Nexus of Pakistan

Hussain

2022

QUESTRJ

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In the fundamental study to design sustainable electricity generation, long-term electricity demand forecasting has taken on a crucial role. The Low Emissions Analysis Platform (LEAP®) software is used in this study to estimate the demand for energy by various consumer groups including commercial, residential, agricultural, and industrial for the study period (2023-2050). The electricity demand is forecasted under different Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth scenarios. The developed scenarios are reference, low economic growth, medium economic growth, and high economic growth scenarios. This study identifies the key relationship between energy demand and the economy of Pakistan. It is found that energy demand and the GDP of the country have a direct relationship as one quantity increases, the other one also increases, and vice versa. 3.56% growth rate of GDP under the low GDP growth scenario causes an increment in energy demand from 137.97 million MWh in 2023 to 374.79 million MWh. Medium and high GDP growth scenario pertains to GDP growth rates of 5.79% and 10.22% which causes an increment in energy demand to 652.17 million MWh and 1,244.75 million MWh by 2050. The results of this study are significant and provide insight into electricity demand growth under the economic scenarios that could be useful for sustainable electricity planning in Pakistan.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Energy Demand Projection and Economy Nexus of Pakistan

Hussain

2022

QUESTRJ

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“…Step 04: Identify the quantity of Thar lignite coal (QTLC) which carry 10,526.3 KJ/KWh (Raza et al, 2021, 2022). Substitute the values in equation (3) Mathematically verified that 0.7183 Kg/KWh quantity of Thar lignite coal carry 10,526.3 KJ/KWh energy as given in equation (4).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Step 03: To find heat rate (HR) using the values of conversion efficiency, that is 3,600 KJ/h for 1 KW of power ("Kilowatt-hours to Kilojoules Conversion (kWh to kJ)", 2022). Step 04: Identify the quantity of Thar lignite coal (QTLC) which carry 10,526.3 KJ/KWh (Raza et al, 2021(Raza et al, , 2022 4).…”

Section: Mathematical Framework For the Estimation Of Power Potential...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploitation of Thar coal field for power generation in Pakistan: A way forward to sustainable energy future

Raza

Khatri

Memon

et al. 2022

Energy Exploration & Exploitation

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Thar desert is located in south-east Pakistan carries 175 billion tons of coal and is the biggest coalfield in Asia. In this paper mathematical framework is developed for the accurate estimation of power production from the available Thar coal capacity. Annual TWh possible energy production the period 2020 to 2040 followed by detailed analysis of capacity factor and Maximizing the share percentage of coal in total energy mix at least 40% by 2040 is presented. The findings reveal that Thar coal has the capability of producing 100,000 MW power up to the next 250 years. The energy generation for the years 2020, 2032, and 2040 is calculated 744 TWh per year, 700 TWh per year, and 665 TWh per year respectively and it produces negligible negative impacts on the environment. The long-term energy planning presented in this paper would attract foreign investment and Pakistan's energy needs would be fulfilled for sustainable development of the country.

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“…The operating time of the circuit breaker is considered as 0.4s and 10% overshoot is considered for proper coordination between the primary and the backup relay. The time of operation of backup relays should be greater than the time of operation of the primary relay and the operating time of circuit breaker [18,19].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Effects of Distributed Generation on Protection Coordination in a Power System

Tariq

Khatri

Haque

et al. 2021

Eng. Technol. Appl. Sci. Res.

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The rapid increase of the electrical power demand gave rise to many challenging situations for power system control engineers as the transmission lines are operating at their maximum capacity in most developing economies. To solve this, Distributed Generation (DG), i.e. the generation of electrical power in a distribution network that provides clean energy, is gaining popularity. There are several challenges the protection of distribution networks faces after DG installation, such as variations in short circuit levels, protection blinding, reverse power flow, protection coordination, change in fault impedance, recloser-fuse coordination, selectivity, unsynchronized reclosing, false tripping, etc. In this paper, an IEEE 13-Bus System Radial Distribution System is simulated using Electrical Transient Analyzer Program (ETAP), various scenarios of DG placement are considered, their impact on the protection system is analyzed, and different techniques are proposed to minimize the effect on protection coordination. The use of directional relays, current limiting reactors, and small magnitude DGs is tested and analyzed. The way this effect varies by changing the location of DG is also analyzed.

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Harnessing Electrical Power from Hybrid Biomass-Solid Waste Energy Resources for Microgrids in Underdeveloped and Developing Countries

Cited by 16 publications

References 27 publications

Energy Demand Projection and Economy Nexus of Pakistan

Energy Demand Projection and Economy Nexus of Pakistan

Exploitation of Thar coal field for power generation in Pakistan: A way forward to sustainable energy future

Investigation of the Effects of Distributed Generation on Protection Coordination in a Power System

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